ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2014
The association of body mass index with the risk of type 2 diabetes: a case-control study nested in an electronic health records system in the United States.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary program and physical activity impact on biochemical markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.Atencion primaria · 2018Pooled it
- The influence of insulin on anticipation and consummatory reward to food intake: A functional imaging study on healthy normal weight and overweight subjects employing intranasal insulin delivery.Human brain mapping · 2022Trial
- Effects of walnut oil on lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Nutrition & diabetes · 2017Trial
- Polygenic risk and air pollution trends in relation to type 2 diabetes: evidence from the Taiwan Biobank.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- A cross-sectional study investigating the impact of dietary vitamin D intake and fortification in Jordanian adults with type 2 diabetes.Food & nutrition research · 2026Article
- Opportunistic screening of type 2 diabetes with deep metric learning using electronic health records.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Alteration of methylation pattern and gene expression of FTO, PPARγ and Slc2a4 on pre-diabetes-induced BALB/c mice.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Article
- Association of 'weekend warrior' and other leisure time physical activity patterns with obesity and adiposity: A cross-sectional study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Opportunistic random blood glucose screening among professional drivers in northeastern Bangladesh: Assessing undiagnosed diabetes and health awareness.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Association of triglyceride-glucose index and diabesity: evidence from a national longitudinal study.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- A voice-based algorithm can predict type 2 diabetes status in USA adults: Findings from the Colive Voice study.PLOS digital health · 2024Article
- The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in osteoarthritis pain.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Timing of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity, Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Microvascular Disease in Adults With Obesity.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Article
- Novel anthropometric indices for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Augmenting authenticity for non-invasive in vivo detection of random blood glucose with photoacoustic spectroscopy using Kernel-based ridge regression.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Rural and urban differences in the prevalence and determinants of Type-2 diabetes in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association of Obesity With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-Based Unmatched Case-Control Study.Cureus · 2024Article
- Precision Nutrition to Improve Risk Factors of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.Current nutrition reports · 2023Review
- Metabolic phenotyping of BMI to characterize cardiometabolic risk: evidence from large population-based cohorts.Nature communications · 2023Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesObesity is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). We conducted a case-control study to assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and the risk of being diagnosed with T2D in the United States.
methodsWe selected adults (≥ 18 years old) who were diagnosed with T2D (defined by ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes or use of anti-diabetic medications) between January 2004 and October 2011 ("cases") from an electronic health records database provided by an integrated health system in the Middle Atlantic region. Twice as many individuals enrolled in the health system without a T2D diagnosis during the study period ("controls") were selected based on age, sex, history of cardiac comorbidities or hyperinflammatory state (defined by C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate), and use of psychiatric or beta blocker medications. BMI was measured during one year prior to the first observed T2D diagnosis (for cases) or a randomly assigned date (for controls); individuals with no BMI measure or BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 were excluded. We assessed the impact of increased BMI (overweight: 25-29.9 kg/m2; Obesity Class I: 30-34.9 kg/m2; Obesity Class II: 35-39.9 kg/m2; Obesity Class III: ≥40 kg/m2), relative to normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), on a T2D diagnosis using odds ratios (OR) and relative risks (RR) estimated from multiple logistic regression results.
resultsWe included 12,179 cases (mean age: 55, 43% male) and 25,177 controls (mean age: 56, 45% male). We found a positive association between BMI and the risk of a T2D diagnosis. The strength of this association increased with BMI category (RR [95% confidence interval]: overweight, 1.5 [1.4-1.6]; Obesity Class I, 2.5 [2.3-2.6]; Obesity Class II, 3.6 [3.4-3.8]; Obesity Class III, 5.1 [4.7-5.5]).
conclusionsBMI is strongly and independently associated with the risk of being diagnosed with T2D. The incremental association of BMI category on the risk of T2D is stronger for people with a higher BMI relative to people with a lower BMI.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.