ReviewCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS2014
Surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes as immune targets and malaria vaccine candidates.
Review in Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis of Human Antibodies AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Immunity as a predictor of anti-malarial treatment failure: a systematic review.Malaria journal · 2017Pooled it
- High Antibodies to VAR2CSA in Response to Malaria Infection Are Associated With Improved Birthweight in a Longitudinal Study of Pregnant Women.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Genome-Wide Analysis of the Malaria ParasiteFrontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Effect of nutrient supplementation on the acquisition of humoral immunity to Plasmodium falciparum in young Malawian children.Malaria journal · 2018Trial
- Stage specific immune responses to schistosomes may explain conflicting results in malaria-schistosome coinfection studies.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- The impact of Iso-mukaadial acetate on Plasmodium falciparum transcriptional gene regulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- An ApiAP2 Family Transcriptional Factor PfAP2-06B Regulates Erythrocyte Invasion Indirectly inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Variable surface antigen expression, virulence, and persistent infection byMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Exploring Biomarkers for Malaria: Advances in Early Detection and Asymptomatic Diagnosis.Biosensors · 2025Review
- Exploring theFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Search continues: Exploring immunoinformatics platforms for designing an effective multiepitope malaria vaccine candidate.Biotechnologia · 2025Article
- The role of periostin (OSF-2) in the cytoadherence phenomena mediated by malaria parasites.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- An immunoinformatics approach for design and validation of multi-subunit vaccine againstJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2024Article
- TargetingiScience · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- DNA-binding protein PfAP2-P regulates parasite pathogenesis during malaria parasite blood stages.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- Natural immunity to malaria preferentially targets the endothelial protein C receptor-binding regions of PfEMP1s.mSphere · 2023Article
- Identification of Novel, Potent, and Selective Compounds against Malaria Using Glideosomal-Associated Protein 50 as a Drug Target.ACS omega · 2023Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding the targets and mechanisms of human immunity to malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is crucial for advancing effective vaccines and developing tools for measuring immunity and exposure in populations. Acquired immunity to malaria predominantly targets the blood stage of infection when merozoites of Plasmodium spp. infect erythrocytes and replicate within them. During the intra-erythrocytic development of P. falciparum, numerous parasite-derived antigens are expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes (IEs). These antigens enable P. falciparum-IEs to adhere in the vasculature and accumulate in multiple organs, which is a key process in the pathogenesis of disease. IE surface antigens, often referred to as variant surface antigens, are important targets of acquired protective immunity and include PfEMP1, RIFIN, STEVOR and SURFIN. These antigens are highly polymorphic and encoded by multigene families, which generate substantial antigenic diversity to mediate immune evasion. The most important immune target appears to be PfEMP1, which is a major ligand for vascular adhesion and sequestration of IEs. Studies are beginning to identify specific variants of PfEMP1 linked to disease pathogenesis that may be suitable for vaccine development, but overcoming antigenic diversity in PfEMP1 remains a major challenge. Much less is known about other surface antigens, or antigens on the surface of gametocyte-IEs, the effector mechanisms that mediate immunity, and how immunity is acquired and maintained over time; these are important topics for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.