SynthesisAIDS (London, England)2014
Impact of viral load and the duration of primary infection on HIV transmission: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in AIDS (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of longitudinal viral load suppression among adults receiving first line antiretroviral therapy in Central Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Estimation of Lifetime Costs Among Insured Persons with HIV in the United States.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness of frequent HIV screening among men who have sex with men in China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Relating In Vivo Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Kinetics to Host Infectiousness in Different Age Groups.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Quantifying viral load and characterizing virus diversity in wildlife samples with target enrichment sequencing.Microbial genomics · 2025Article
- HIV transmission risk among people living with HIV in Zhejiang Province, China: data from a large cross-sectional study, 2022.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Per-pathogen virulence of HIV-1 subtypes A, C and D.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Hazardous alcohol use and HIV indicators in six African countries: results from the Population-based HIV Impact Assessments, 2015-2017.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- The role of depression in secondary HIV transmission among people who inject drugs in Vietnam: A mathematical modeling analysis.PloS one · 2022Article
- Optimization of Case Definitions for Sensitivity as a Preventive Strategy-A Modelling Exemplified with Rapid Diagnostic Test-Based Prevention of Sexual HIV Transmission.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Achieving consistency in measures of HIV-1 viral suppression across countries: derivation of an adjustment based on international antiretroviral treatment cohort data.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- Virologic Outcomes Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus With High Pretherapy Viral Load Burden Initiating on Common Core Agents.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- The impact of condom use on the HIV epidemic.Gates open research · 2021Article
- Koala retrovirus diversity, transmissibility, and disease associations.Retrovirology · 2020Article
- Understanding the HIV Epidemic Among MSM in Baltimore: A Modeling Study Estimating the Impact of Past HIV Interventions and Who Acquired and Contributed to Infections.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- Determinants and Outcomes of Late Presentation of HIV Infection in Migrants in Catalonia, Spain: PISCIS Cohort 2004-2016.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2019Article
- Evaluation of a health system intervention to improve virological management in an antiretroviral programme at a municipal clinic in central Durban.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2019Article
- Link between the numbers of particles and variants founding new HIV-1 infections depends on the timing of transmission.Virus evolution · 2019Article
- Using Primer-ID Deep Sequencing to Detect Recent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Multiscale model within-host and between-host for viral infectious diseases.Journal of mathematical biology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesHIV 'treatment as prevention' (TasP) describes early treatment of HIV-infected patients intended to reduce viral load and transmission. Crucial assumptions for estimating TasP's effectiveness are the underlying estimates of transmission risk. We aimed to determine transmission risk during primary infection, and describe the relation of HIV transmission risk to viral load.
designA systematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsWe searched PubMed and Embase databases for studies that established a relationship between viral load and transmission risk, or primary infection and transmission risk, in serodiscordant couples. We analysed assumptions about the relationship between viral load and transmission risk, and between duration of primary infection and transmission risk.
resultsWe found 36 eligible articles, based on six different study populations. Studies consistently found that higher viral loads lead to higher HIV transmission rates, but assumptions about the shape of this increase varied from exponential increase to saturation. The assumed duration of primary infection ranged from 1.5 to 12 months; for each additional month, the log10 transmission rate ratio between primary and asymptomatic infection decreased by 0.40.
conclusionAssumptions and estimates of the relationship between viral load and transmission risk, and the relationship between primary infection and transmission risk, vary substantially and predictions of TasP's effectiveness should take this uncertainty into account.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.