ArticlePloS one2014
The effectiveness of screening for diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a community pharmacy setting.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Are interventions to increase the uptake of screening for cardiovascular disease risk factors effective? A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC family practice · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Employer-Based Screening for Diabetes and Prediabetes in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System: A Natural Experiment for Translation in Diabetes (NEXT-D) Study.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine · 2015Trial
- Examining public perceptions of cardiovascular disease risk screening programs in community pharmacies: a mixed-methods study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Expanding Access to Early Diabetes Detection: A Pharmacy-Based Screening Pilot in Rural New South Wales.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated with Albuminuria Screening Among High-Risk Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease · 2026Article
- Enhancing Hepatitis B case finding through tech-enhanced community pharmacy: Results from a trial program in Vietnam.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Diabetes risk assessment in Polish community pharmacies. Results from a pilot national screening campaign.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Serving up prevention: design and implementation of a pharmacist-led workplace diabetes prevention model for the hospitality industry.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Australian pharmacists' experiences and perspectives in implementing a chronic kidney disease screening service in community pharmacies: A qualitative study.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Point-of-care testing of cardiovascular risk factors in Viennese community pharmacies: A cross-sectional study.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Vitamin D testing in pharmacies: Results of a federal screening campaign.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Screening and referral programs for diabetes and cardiovascular disease: Can community pharmacists bridge the care gap?Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Study protocol for identification of patients with risk of cognitive impairment in advanced pharmaceutical care in a community pharmacy.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Approaches to predict future type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: A scoping review.PloS one · 2025Article
- Advancing Pharmaceutical Care in Community Pharmacies in Poland: A Blueprint for Enhanced Patient Care Quality.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Predictive modeling of multi-class diabetes mellitus using machine learning and filtering iraqi diabetes data dynamics.PloS one · 2024Article
- A retrospective case study of successful translational research: Cardiovascular disease risk assessment, experiences in community engagement.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Participant and GP perspectives and experiences of screening for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in community pharmacy during the Pharmacy Diabetes Screening Trial.BMC health services research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledRisk factors for cardiovascular disease including diabetes have seen a large rise in prevalence in recent years. This has prompted interest in prevention through the identifying individuals at risk of both diabetes and cardiovascular disease and has seen increased investment in screening interventions taking place in primary care. Community pharmacies have become increasingly involved in the provision of such interventions and this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to gather and analyse the existing literature assessing community pharmacy based screening for risk factors for diabetes and those with a high cardiovascular disease risk.
methodsWe conducted systematic searches of electronic databases using MeSH and free text terms from 1950 to March 2012. For our analysis two outcomes were assessed. They were the percentage of those screened who were referred for further assessment by primary care and the uptake of this referral.
resultsSixteen studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria comprising 108,414 participants screened. There was significant heterogeneity for all included outcomes. Consequently we have not presented summary statistics and present forest plots with I2 and p values to describe heterogeneity. We found that all included studies suffered from high rates of attrition between pharmacy screening and follow up. We have also identified a strong trend towards higher rates for referral in more recent studies.
conclusionsOur results show that pharmacies are feasible sites for screening for diabetes and those at risk of cardiovascular disease. A significant number of previously unknown cases of cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes are identified, however a significant number of referred participants at high risk do not attend their practitioner for follow up. Research priorities should include methods of increasing uptake to follow up testing and early intervention, to maximise the efficacy of screening interventions based in community pharmacies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.