ArticleMedical hypotheses2014
Is insulin the new intermittent hypoxia?
Article in Medical hypotheses, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of maternal nocturnal heart rate and adverse pregnancy outcomes.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in the Hemodynamic Response to Hyperinsulinemia-Implications for Obesity and Insulin Resistance.Current diabetes reports · 2022Review
- Sympathetic nervous system activity and reactivity in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.Physiological reports · 2020Article
- Obesity: sex and sympathetics.Biology of sex differences · 2020Review
- Sites and sources of sympathoexcitation in obese male rats: role of brain insulin.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2020Article
- Sex differences in the sympathoexcitatory response to insulin in obese rats: role of neuropeptide Y.The Journal of physiology · 2019Article
- Identification of hypoglycemia-specific neural signals by decoding murine vagus nerve activity.Bioelectronic medicine · 2019Article
- Role of the carotid body chemoreceptors in glucose homeostasis and thermoregulation in humans.The Journal of physiology · 2018Review
- Glucose, insulin, and the carotid body chemoreceptors in humans.Physiological genomics · 2018Review
- Carotid body oxygen sensing and adaptation to hypoxia.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2016Review
- Blood Pressure: Return of the Sympathetics?Current hypertension reports · 2016Review
- Effect of bilateral carotid body resection on cardiac baroreflex control of blood pressure during hypoglycemia.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2015Article
- Obesity-induced increases in sympathetic nerve activity: sex matters.Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical · 2015Article
- Hitting the wall: glycogen, glucose and the carotid bodies.The Journal of physiology · 2014Article
- Tasting arterial blood: what do the carotid chemoreceptors sense?Frontiers in physiology · 2014Review
- Glucose sensing by carotid body glomus cells: potential implications in disease.Frontiers in physiology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The sympathoexcitatory effects of insulin are well-established, although the exact mechanisms by which insulin stimulates the sympathetic nervous system are not completely understood. The majority of research supports a primary role for the central nervous system in the gradual and sustained rise in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in response to hyperinsulinemia; in addition, recent studies in animals suggests carotid body chemoreceptors respond to increases in systemic insulin levels. Intermittent activation of the carotid chemoreceptors, similar to that seen in patients with sleep apnea, can result in sensory long term facilitation and may contribute to the observed rise in baseline MSNA in this population. Consistent with this idea, insulin exposure results in sustained increases in MSNA that persist even when plasma insulin levels return to baseline. We propose the carotid chemoreceptors contribute to insulin-mediated sympathoexcitation and the persistent rise in MSNA in patients with sustained hyperinsulinemia. If the carotid chemoreceptors sense and respond to changes in systemic insulin levels, these organs may provide a viable target for the treatment of disorders known to exhibit sustained hyperinsulinemia and sympathoexcitation including, but not limited to, obesity, hypertension, sleep apnea, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.