ArticleVector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)2014
The prevalence of zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes scapularis collected in the Hudson Valley, New York State.
Article in Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human pathogens associated with the blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis: a systematic review.Parasites & vectors · 2016Pooled it
- Abundance and infection rates of Ixodes scapularis nymphs collected from residential properties in Lyme disease-endemic areas of Connecticut, Maryland, and New York.Journal of vector ecology : journal of the Society for Vector Ecology · 2015Trial
- Powassan Virus in the United States: An AI-Integrative One Health Scoping Review of Ecological Drivers, Zoonotic Interactions, Symptom Profiles, and Public Health Implications.Infectious disease reports · 2026Review
- Powassan Virus Seroprevalence in a U.S. Servicemember Population at High Risk for Tick Exposure.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Ticks of Delaware revisited: an updated checklist of hard ticks (Ixodidae) and first records of soft ticks (Argasidae) in the First State.Journal of medical entomology · 2025Article
- Atomic-resolution structure of a chimeric Powassan tick-borne flavivirus.Science advances · 2025Article
- Histological staining of tick bite skin biopsies for spirochetes and Powassan virus RNA.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Article
- Human antibodies in Mexico and Brazil neutralizing tick-borne flaviviruses.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence of Powassan Virus Seropositivity Among People with History of Lyme Disease and Non-Lyme Community Controls in the Northeastern United States.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Emerging Tick-borne Infections in the Upper Midwest and Northeast United States Among Patients With Suspected Anaplasmosis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Active Surveillance of Powassan Virus in MassachusettsViruses · 2024Article
- Tick-Borne Co-Infections: Challenges in Molecular and Serologic Diagnoses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The known unknowns of Powassan virus ecology.Journal of medical entomology · 2023Review
- Surveillance forCanada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2023Article
- Phylogeographic reconstruction of the emergence and spread of Powassan virus in the northeastern United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Phylodynamics of deer tick virus in North America.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Powassan Virus Encephalitis.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ixodes scapularis, the blacklegged tick, is capable of transmitting the pathogens that cause Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), babesiosis (Babesia microti), anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), and to a lesser extent Powassan encephalitis (deer tick virus [DTV]). These pathogens represent significant public health problems, but little is known about the occurrence and co-infection prevalence of these pathogens in I. scapularis. Here, we used standard PCR and pathogen-specific primers to estimate the prevalence of infection of A. phagocytophilium, B. burgdorferi, B. microti, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis in questing nymph and adult I. scapularis collected from sites in Putnam and Dutchess counties in southern New York in 2011. To detect DTV infection, cell cultures were observed for the presence of cytopathic effects and positive results were confirmed via real time RT-PCR. In 466 individually sampled adult ticks, B. burgdorferi had the highest prevalence of infection (55%) followed by A. phagocytophilum (18.2%), DTV (3.4%), B. microti (3.2%), and E. chaffeensis (1.5%). Infection with two pathogens occurred in 13.3% of ticks, and 10 ticks were infected with three combinations of three pathogens. These results provide an estimate of the rate of co-infection, which then can help inform the epidemiological risk of contracting multiple zoonotic tick-borne pathogens within the Hudson Valley region of New York State.
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