ArticleASN neuro2014
Proinflammatory-activated glioma cells induce a switch in microglial polarization and activation status, from a predominant M2b phenotype to a mixture of M1 and M2a/B polarized cells.
Article in ASN neuro, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Invasive Margin of Glioblastoma as a Molecular Ecosystem: Spatial Heterogeneity, Tumor-Host Interactions, and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cell Line ARPE-19 Exposed to M1 Microglia Releases Proinflammatory Cytokines and Reactive Oxygen Species Through MAP-Kinase Pathway.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Brain inflammation and its predictive value for post-operative pain in total knee arthroplasty patients.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Glioblastoma-associated macrophages in glioblastoma: from their function and mechanism to therapeutic advances.Cancer gene therapy · 2025Review
- Macrophage and Preeclampsia: Macrophage Polarization Imbalance at the Maternal-Fetal Interface.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Review
- Insights of immune cell heterogeneity, tumor-initiated subtype transformation, drug resistance, treatment and detecting technologies in glioma microenvironment.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- Review
- TREM2 deficiency aggravates renal injury by promoting macrophage apoptosis and polarization via the JAK-STAT pathway in mice.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Renal macrophages and NLRP3 inflammasomes in kidney diseases and therapeutics.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- The Interplay between Glioblastoma Cells and Tumor Microenvironment: New Perspectives for Early Diagnosis and Targeted Cancer Therapy.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Advancing precision medicine in gliomas through single-cell sequencing: unveiling the complex tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Review
- The Importance of M1-and M2-Polarized Macrophages in Glioma and as Potential Treatment Targets.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- mTOR Inhibition Is Effective against Growth, Survival and Migration, but Not against Microglia Activation in Preclinical Glioma Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Brain glucose metabolism and nigrostriatal degeneration in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder.Brain communications · 2023Article
- Glioma-associated microglia/macrophages (GAMs) in glioblastoma: Immune function in the tumor microenvironment and implications for immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Tumour-associated CD204Neuropathology and applied neurobiology · 2022Article
- The effects of painless nerve growth factor on human microglia polarization.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Crosstalk between Microglia and Neurons in Neurotrauma: An Overview of the Underlying Mechanisms.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Review
- Neuroinflammation in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injuries: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are primary brain tumors characterized by morphological and genetic complexities, as well as diffuse infiltration into normal brain parenchyma. Within gliomas, microglia/macrophages represent the largest tumor-infiltrating cell population, contributing by at least one-third to the total tumor mass. Bi-directional interactions between glioma cells and microglia may therefore play an important role on tumor growth and biology. In the present study, we have characterized the influence of glioma-soluble factors on microglial function, comparing the effects of media harvested under basal conditions with those of media obtained after inducing a pro-inflammatory activation state in glioma cells. We found that microglial cells undergo a different pattern of activation depending on the stimulus; in the presence of activated glioma-derived factors, i.e. a condition mimicking the late stage of pathology, microglia presents as a mixture of polarization phenotypes (M1 and M2a/b), with up-regulation of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), ARG (arginase) and IL (interleukine)-10. At variance, microglia exposed to basal glioma-derived factors, i.e. a condition resembling the early stage of pathology, shows a more specific pattern of activation, with increased M2b polarization status and up-regulation of IL-10 only. As far as viability and cell proliferation are concerned, both LI-CM [LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-IFNγ (interferon γ) conditioned media] and C-CM (control-conditioned media) induce similar effects on microglial morphology. Finally, in human glioma tissue obtained from surgical resection of patients with IV grade glioblastoma, we detected a significant amount of CD68 positive cells, which is a marker of macrophage/microglial phagocytic activity, suggesting that in vitro findings presented here might have a relevance in the human pathology as well.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.