ArticleAnnals of neurology2014
JC virus reactivation during prolonged natalizumab monotherapy for multiple sclerosis.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02004444 (JC Virus Reactivation in Multiple Sclerosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
JC Virus Reactivation in Multiple Sclerosis
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive Utility of ViroFind Detection of Blood and CSF Virome for Viral Presence in Human Brain Tissue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The CD4 T cell-independent IgG response during persistent virus infection favors emergence of neutralization-escape variants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- JC virus spread is potentiated by glial replication and demyelination-linked glial proliferation.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Frequent detection of IFN-gamma -producing memory effector and effector T cells in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Polyomavirus Wakes Up and Chooses Neurovirulence.Viruses · 2023Review
- Understanding polyomavirus CNS disease - a perspective from mouse models.The FEBS journal · 2022Review
- Lesson for the clinical nephrologist: immune monitoring of human JC-polyomavirus in kidney transplantation.Journal of nephrology · 2022Article
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and the spectrum of JC virus-related disease.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2021Review
- The Role of the JC Virus in Central Nervous System Tumorigenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Early reduction of the splicing factor2/alternative splicing factor: a cellular inhibitor of the JC polyomavirus in natalizumab-treated MS patients long before developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Article
- Natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment: From Biological Effects to Immune Monitoring.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- JC virus infection of meningeal and choroid plexus cells in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.Journal of neurovirology · 2019Article
- Frontline Science: Buprenorphine decreases CCL2-mediated migration of CD14Journal of leukocyte biology · 2018Article
- Signaling pathways and therapeutic perspectives related to environmental factors associated with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroscience research · 2018Review
- Effector T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2018Review
- Detection and analysis of variants of JC polyomavirus in urine samples from HIV-1-infected patients in China's Zhejiang Province.The Journal of international medical research · 2018Article
- Protective Humoral Immunity in the Central Nervous System Requires Peripheral CD19-Dependent Germinal Center Formation following Coronavirus Encephalomyelitis.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Progressive multi-focal leucoencephalopathy - driven from rarity to clinical mainstream by iatrogenic immunodeficiency.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Review
- JC polyomavirus expression and bell-shaped regulation of its SF2/ASF suppressor during the follow-up of multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab.Journal of neurovirology · 2017Article
- Cerebellar Involvement in an Immunocompetent Patient Presenting with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.Case reports in neurological medicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the prevalence of JC virus (JCV) reactivation and JCV-specific cellular immune response during prolonged natalizumab treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS).
methodsWe enrolled 43 JCV-seropositive MS patients, including 32 on natalizumab monotherapy >18 months, 6 on interferon β-1a monotherapy >36 months, and 5 untreated controls. We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and urine for JCV DNA, and we determined JCV-specific T-cell responses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) assays, ex vivo and after in vitro stimulation with JCV peptides.
resultsJCV DNA was detected in the CSF of 2 of 27 (7.4%) natalizumab-treated MS patients who had no symptoms or magnetic resonance imaging-detected lesions consistent with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. JCV DNA was detected in blood of 12 of 43 (27.9%) and in urine of 11 of 43 (25.6%) subjects without a difference between natalizumab-treated patients and controls. JC viral load was higher in CD34(+) cells and in monocytes compared to other subpopulations. ICS was more sensitive than ELISpot. JCV-specific T-cell responses, mediated by both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes, were detected more frequently after in vitro stimulation. JCV-specific CD4(+) T cells were detected ex vivo more frequently in MS patients with JCV DNA in CD34(+) (p = 0.05) and B cells (p = 0.03).
interpretationAsymptomatic JCV reactivation may occur in CSF of natalizumab-treated MS patients. JCV DNA load is higher in circulating CD34(+) cells and monocytes compared to other mononuclear cells, and JCV in blood might trigger a JCV-specific CD4(+) T-cell response. JCV-specific cellular immune response is highly prevalent in all JCV-seropositive MS patients, regardless of treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.