ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2014
A mouse tumor model of surgical stress to explore the mechanisms of postoperative immunosuppression and evaluate novel perioperative immunotherapies.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of preoperative recombinant Interleukin 2-based immunomodulation on outcome after gastrointestinal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Rapamycin Prevents Surgery-Induced Immune Dysfunction in Patients with Bladder Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2019Trial
- Translationally-Relevant Tumor Resection Model for Murine Preclinical Models of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2026Article
- Article
- Exercise boost after surgery improves survival in model of metastatic breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Mechanism of isoflurane‑mediated breast cancer growthOncology letters · 2024Article
- HepatoBMJ open · 2024Article
- Heterologous prime-boost cellular vaccination induces potent antitumor immunity against triple negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Perioperative arginine prevents metastases by accelerating natural killer cell recovery after surgery.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2022Article
- Article
- Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus-based cellular vaccine improves triple-negative breast cancer outcome by enhancing natural killer and CD8Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- A new oncolyticJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- Surgical trauma-induced immunosuppression in cancer: Recent advances and the potential therapies.Clinical and translational medicine · 2020Review
- A Review of the Effects of Pain and Analgesia on Immune System Function and Inflammation: Relevance for Preclinical Studies.Comparative medicine · 2019Review
- Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells in combination with primary mammary tumor resection reduces metastatic growth in the lungs.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2019Article
- Lipid accumulation impairs natural killer cell cytotoxicity and tumor control in the postoperative period.BMC cancer · 2019Article
- Surgical stress response and promotion of metastasis in colorectal cancer: a complex and heterogeneous process.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2018Review
- Sepsis increases perioperative metastases in a murine model.BMC cancer · 2018Article
- Dysfunctional Natural Killer Cells in the Aftermath of Cancer Surgery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Surgical Stress Abrogates Pre-Existing Protective T Cell Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunity Leading to Postoperative Cancer Recurrence.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Surgical resection is an essential treatment for most cancer patients, but surgery induces dysfunction in the immune system and this has been linked to the development of metastatic disease in animal models and in cancer patients. Preclinical work from our group and others has demonstrated a profound suppression of innate immune function, specifically NK cells in the postoperative period and this plays a major role in the enhanced development of metastases following surgery. Relatively few animal studies and clinical trials have focused on characterizing and reversing the detrimental effects of cancer surgery. Using a rigorous animal model of spontaneously metastasizing tumors and surgical stress, the enhancement of cancer surgery on the development of lung metastases was demonstrated. In this model, 4T1 breast cancer cells are implanted in the mouse mammary fat pad. At day 14 post tumor implantation, a complete resection of the primary mammary tumor is performed in all animals. A subset of animals receives additional surgical stress in the form of an abdominal nephrectomy. At day 28, lung tumor nodules are quantified. When immunotherapy was given immediately preoperatively, a profound activation of immune cells which prevented the development of metastases following surgery was detected. While the 4T1 breast tumor surgery model allows for the simulation of the effects of abdominal surgical stress on tumor metastases, its applicability to other tumor types needs to be tested. The current challenge is to identify safe and promising immunotherapies in preclinical mouse models and to translate them into viable perioperative therapies to be given to cancer surgery patients to prevent the recurrence of metastatic disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.