ArticleAmerican journal of speech-language pathology2014
Speech sound production in 2-year-olds who are hard of hearing.
Article in American journal of speech-language pathology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is There a Relationship Between Infant and Toddler Speech Discrimination Abilities and Mean Length of Utterance at 33 Months?Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Article
- Is Knowing Words Enough? Assessing Vocabulary in Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing.Language, speech, and hearing services in schools · 2025Article
- Conversation and pragmatics in children who are hard-of-hearing: a scoping review.Journal of deaf studies and deaf education · 2024Article
- Teaching Caregivers to Implement the Caregivers Optimizing Achievement of Children With Hearing Loss (COACH) Intervention.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2023Article
- Can Closed-Set Word Recognition Differentially Assess Vowel and Consonant Perception for School-Age Children With and Without Hearing Loss?Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2022Article
- Auditory Experience, Speech Sound Production Growth, and Early Literacy in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2022Article
- Performance and characteristics of the Newborn Hearing Screening Program in Campania region (Italy) between 2013 and 2019.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Article
- Effects of an Intervention Designed to Increase Toddlers' Hearing Aid Use.Journal of deaf studies and deaf education · 2020Article
- Assessing Vocal Development in Infants and Toddlers Who Are Hard of Hearing: A Parent-Report Tool.Journal of deaf studies and deaf education · 2016Article
- Consonant Proficiency in Children With and Without Hearing Impairment Assessed With Profiles of Early Expressive Phonological Skills - Swedish (PEEPS-SE).International journal of language & communication disordersArticle
- Speech Recognition and Parent Ratings From Auditory Development Questionnaires in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing.Ear and hearingArticle
- Article
- Automated Vocal Analysis of Children With Hearing Loss and Their Typical and Atypical Peers.Ear and hearingArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of the study was to (a) compare the speech sound production abilities of 2-year-old children who are hard of hearing (HH) to children with normal hearing (NH), (b) identify sources of risk for individual children who are HH, and (c) determine whether speech sound production skills at age 2 were predictive of speech sound production skills at age 3.
methodSeventy children with bilateral, mild-to-severe hearing loss who use hearing aids and 37 age- and socioeconomic status-matched children with NH participated. Children's speech sound production abilities were assessed at 2 and 3 years of age.
resultsAt age 2, the HH group demonstrated vowel production abilities on par with their NH peers but weaker consonant production abilities. Within the HH group, better outcomes were associated with hearing aid fittings by 6 months of age, hearing loss of less than 45 dB HL, stronger vocabulary scores, and being female. Positive relationships existed between children's speech sound production abilities at 2 and 3 years of age.
conclusionAssessment of early speech sound production abilities in combination with demographic, audiologic, and linguistic variables may be useful in identifying HH children who are at risk for delays in speech sound production.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.