ArticleProstate cancer and prostatic diseases2014
Prostate cancer diagnosis through electronic nose in the urine headspace setting: a pilot study.
Article in Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- eNose technologies in the detection of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The oncologist · 2026Pooled it
- Advances in Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gynecological Cancers.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Accuracy of a new electronic nose for prostate cancer diagnosis in urine samples.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2022Trial
- Olfactory Science and Technology in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: From Invertebrate Models to Artificial Intelligence.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Advances in MEMS, Optical MEMS, and Nanophotonics Technologies for Volatile Organic Compound Detection and Applications.Small science · 2025Review
- Article
- Analysis of urinary volatile organic compounds for prostate cancer diagnosis: A systematic review.BJUI compass · 2024Review
- Use of Sensor Array Analysis to Detect Ovarian Cancer through Breath, Urine, and Blood: A Case-Control Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Diagnosis of Carcinogenic Pathologies through Breath Biomarkers: Present and Future Trends.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- The Olfaction Ability of Medical Detection Canine to Detect Prostate Cancer From Urine Samples: Progress Captured in Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.World journal of oncology · 2023Article
- Breast cancer detection by analyzing the volatile organic compound (VOC) signature in human urine.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Drift compensation on electronic nose data for non-invasive diagnosis of prostate cancer by urine analysis.iScience · 2022Article
- Article
- Optimization of training and measurement protocol for eNose analysis of urine headspace aimed at prostate cancer diagnosis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Non-Invasive Detection and Staging of Colorectal Cancer Using a Portable Electronic Nose.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Identification of a biomarker panel for improvement of prostate cancer diagnosis by volatile metabolic profiling of urine.British journal of cancer · 2019Article
- Approaches to urinary detection of prostate cancer.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2019Review
- Review and Comparison of Cancer Biomarker Trends in Urine as a Basis for New Diagnostic Pathways.Cancers · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo evaluate the efficacy of prostate cancer (PCa) detection by the electronic nose (EN) on human urine samples.
methodsUrine samples were obtained from candidates of prostate biopsy (PB). Exclusion criteria were a history of urothelial carcinoma or other malignant disease, urine infection, fasting for <12 h before PB or ingestion of alcohol or foods that might alter the urine smell in the last 24 h. The initial part of the voided urine and the midstream were collected separately in two sterile containers. Both samples were analyzed by the EN immediately after the collection. All patients underwent a standard transperineal, transrectal-ultrasound-guided PB. The pathological results were compared with the outcomes of the EN. Sensitivity and specificity of EN were assessed.
resultsForty-one men were included in the study. Fourteen out of the 41 patients were positive for PCa. Midstream urine did not correlate significantly neither with a positive nor with a negative PB. Instead, significantly different results on the initial part of the urine stream between positive and negative PBs were obtained. The EN correctly recognized 10 out of the 14 cases (that is, sensitivity 71.4% (confidence interval (CI) 42-92%)) of PCa while four were false negatives. Moreover, the device recognized as negative 25 out of the 27 (that is, specificity 92.6% (CI 76-99%)) samples of negative PBs, with only two false positives.
conclusionsWe believe this is the first demonstration of an olfactory imprinting of the initial part of the urine stream in patients with PCa that was revealed by an EN, with high specificity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.