Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24686486›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of speech-language pathology2014

Illusory recovery: are recovered children with early language delay at continuing elevated risk?

Philip S Dale, Andrew J McMillan, Marianna E Hayiou-Thomas, Robert Plomin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of speech-language pathology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Philip S Dale
Andrew J McMillan
Marianna E Hayiou-Thomas
Robert Plomin

Funding

European Research Council 295366Medical Research Council G0500079Medical Research Council G0500079(73692)Medical Research Council G0901245Medical Research Council G19/2Medical Research Council G19/2(78332)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo examine the later development of language and literacy of children who had delayed language at age 2 but were in the normal range at age 4.

methodLongitudinal data were analyzed from 3,598 pairs of twins participating in the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). Six hundred thirty-three twins (8.8%) were delayed at age 2 based on parent-reported expressive vocabulary, and of these, 373 (59.0%) were classified as recovered based on 4-year measures. Each recovered 4-year-old was matched on vocabulary, gender, and zygosity to another 4-year-old without a history of early delay.

resultsAlthough the recovered group was below the mean for the total TEDS sample on measures of language at ages 7 and 12, there were no significant differences between the recovered and matched groups. Within the recovered group, it was not possible to predict outcome at better than a chance level.

conclusionsChildren who appear to have recovered by age 4 from early delay are at modest risk for continuing difficulties, but this appears to be no higher than the risk for other 4-year-olds with equivalent scores, reflecting the continuing variability in longitudinal outcome after age 4. All children in the low normal range at age 4 merit continuing monitoring.

Indexed as

IllusionsLanguage DevelopmentLanguage TherapyReadingChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansLanguage Development DisordersLanguage TestsLongitudinal StudiesMalePredictive Value of TestsRecurrenceTreatment OutcomeVocabulary

Identifiers

PMID24686486
PMCPMC4214119

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.