ArticleInfection and immunity2014
Vitamin d deficiency reduces the immune response, phagocytosis rate, and intracellular killing rate of microglial cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the anti-inflammatory potential of vitamin D in cardiometabolic diseases.Metabolism open · 2025Article
- Topical Vitamin D Prevents Bone Loss and Inflammation in a Mouse Model.Journal of dental research · 2024Article
- Vitamin D3 regulates PM-driven primary human neutrophil inflammatory responses.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Microglia and Brain Disorders: The Role of Vitamin D and Its Receptor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Negative Association between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Depression in a Young Adult US Population: A Cross-Sectional Study of NHANES 2007-2018.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Emerging cellular senescence-centric understanding of immunological aging and its potential modulation through dietary bioactive components.Biogerontology · 2022Review
- Review
- Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Brain communications · 2022Review
- Serious vitamin D deficiency in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2022Article
- Nuclear receptors of NR1 and NR4 subfamilies in the regulation of microglial functions and pathology.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2021Review
- Host-virus interaction and viral evasion.Cell biology international · 2021Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Vitamin D-Mediated Immunomodulation.Galen medical journal · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial and Immune-Modulatory Effects of Vitamin D Provide Promising Antibiotics-Independent Approaches to Tackle Bacterial Infections - Lessons Learnt from a Literature Survey.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2019Review
- Health Risks of Hypovitaminosis D: A Review of New Molecular Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Opposing effects of alcohol on the immune system.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2016Review
- Nutrients, Microglia Aging, and Brain Aging.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2016Review
- Vitamin D deficiency decreases survival of bacterial meningoencephalitis in mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2015Article
- Glia in the cytokine-mediated onset of depression: fine tuning the immune response.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Meningitis and meningoencephalitis caused by Escherichia coli are associated with high rates of mortality and neurological sequelae. A high prevalence of neurological disorders has been observed in geriatric populations at risk of hypovitaminosis D. Vitamin D has potent effects on human immunity, including induction of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and suppression of T-cell proliferation, but its influence on microglial cells is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of vitamin D deficiency on the phagocytosis rate, intracellular killing, and immune response of murine microglial cultures after stimulation with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists tripalmitoyl-S-glyceryl-cysteine (TLR1/2), poly(I·C) (TLR3), lipopolysaccharide (TLR4), and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (TLR9). Upon stimulation with high concentrations of TLR agonists, the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) was decreased in vitamin D-deficient compared to that in vitamin D-sufficient microglial cultures. Phagocytosis of E. coli K1 after stimulation of microglial cells with high concentrations of TLR3, -4, and -9 agonists and intracellular killing of E. coli K1 after stimulation with high concentrations of all TLR agonists were lower in vitamin D-deficient microglial cells than in the respective control cells. Our observations suggest that vitamin D deficiency may impair the resistance of the brain against bacterial infections.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.