ReviewObesity facts2014
Novel molecular aspects of ghrelin and leptin in the control of adipobiology and the cardiovascular system.
Review in Obesity facts, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of bariatric surgery on cardiac function: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Pooled it
- Relationship of Sleep Duration With All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Pooled it
- The relationship between the leptin/ghrelin ratio and meals with various macronutrient contents in men with different nutritional status: a randomized crossover study.Nutrition journal · 2018Trial
- Consuming Two Eggs per Day, as Compared to an Oatmeal Breakfast, Decreases Plasma Ghrelin while Maintaining the LDL/HDL Ratio.Nutrients · 2017Trial
- The Ghrelin-LEAP2 System in Obesity and Diabetes: Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Potential.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Integrated microbial and endocrine signatures of obesity:Frontiers in microbiomes · 2026Article
- Hyperleptinemia Is a Risk Factor for the Development of Vascular Reactivity Impairment in Patients with Hypertension.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Effects of Long-Term Antipsychotic Drug Treatment on Adipocyte Tissue and the Crosstalk to Liver and Brain in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Association of sleep characteristics with cardiovascular disease risk in adults over 40 years of age: a cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the hepatoprotective role of ghrelin against NAFLD progression.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2023Review
- Intracerebroventricular injection of ghrelin receptor antagonist alleviated NAFLD via improving hypothalamic insulin resistance.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2022Article
- Role of the Ghrelin System in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Association of Sleep Duration With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- New Insights on the Relationship between Leptin, Ghrelin, and Leptin/Ghrelin Ratio Enforced by Body Mass Index in Obesity and Diabetes.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- The Association of Serum Levels of Leptin and Ghrelin with the Dietary Fat Content in Non-Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.Nutrients · 2020Article
- The associations between some biological markers, obesity, and cardiovascular risk in Slovenian children and adolescents.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- IgG Anti-ghrelin Immune Complexes Are Increased in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Under Biologic Therapy and Are Related to Clinical and Metabolic Markers.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Article
- Metabolic Effects of Testosterone Hormone Therapy in Normal and Orchiectomized Male Rats: From Indirect Calorimetry to Lipolytic Enzymes.International journal of endocrinology · 2019Article
- Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone, regulates energy balance and lipid metabolism.Bioscience reports · 2018Review
- Sex-specific differences in hepatic steatosis in obese spontaneously hypertensive (SHROB) rats.Biology of sex differences · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ghrelin and leptin show opposite effects on energy balance. Ghrelin constitutes a gut hormone that is secreted to the bloodstream in two major forms, acylated and desacyl ghrelin. The isoforms of ghrelin not only promote adiposity by the activation of hypothalamic orexigenic neurons but also directly stimulate the expression of several fat storage-related proteins in adipocytes, including ACC, FAS, LPL and perilipin, thereby stimulating intracytoplasmic lipid accumulation. Moreover, both acylated and desacyl ghrelin reduce TNF-α-induced apoptosis and autophagy in adipocytes, suggesting an anti-inflammatory role of ghrelin in human adipose tissue. On the other hand, leptin is an adipokine with lipolytic effects. In this sense, leptin modulates via PI3K/Akt/mTOR the expression of aquaglyceroporins such as AQP3 and AQP7 that facilitate glycerol efflux from adipocytes in response to the lipolytic stimuli via its translocation from the cytosolic fraction (AQP3) or lipid droplets (AQP7) to the plasma membrane. Ghrelin and leptin also participate in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system. Ghrelin operates as a cardioprotective factor with increased circulating acylated ghrelin concentrations in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) causally related to LV remodeling during the progression to LVH. Additionally, leptin induces vasodilation by inducible NO synthase expression (iNOS) in the vascular wall. In this sense, leptin inhibits the angiotensin II-induced Ca(2+) increase, contraction and proliferation of VSMC through NO-dependent mechanisms. Together, dysregulation of circulating ghrelin isoforms and leptin resistance associated to obesity, type 2 diabetes, or the metabolic syndrome contribute to cardiometabolic derangements observed in these pathologies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.