ArticleTicks and tick-borne diseases2014
Coinfection of tick cell lines has variable effects on replication of intracellular bacterial and viral pathogens.
Article in Ticks and tick-borne diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ecological Frameworks of Pathogen-Pathogen and Pathogen-Microbiome Interactions Within the Tick Holobiont.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Insights into tick-pathogen interactions - a single cell RNA sequencing approach of transcriptional changes during ehrlichial infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Use of Tick Cell Lines in Co-Infection Studies with a Preliminary Study of Co-Culture ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Infection withViruses · 2022Article
- Three-Dimensional Culture ofInsects · 2021Article
- Bacterial Pathogens and Symbionts Harboured byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Ecological and evolutionary perspectives on tick-borne pathogen co-infections.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2021Review
- Close Encounters of the Viral Kind: Cross-Kingdom Synergies at the Host-Pathogen Interface.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2019Review
- Molecular investigation and phylogeny of Anaplasmataceae species infecting domestic animals and ticks in Corsica, France.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Tick Humoral Responses: Marching to the Beat of a Different Drummer.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Microscopic Visualisation of Zoonotic Arbovirus Replication in Tick Cell and Organ Cultures Using Semliki Forest Virus Reporter Systems.Veterinary sciences · 2016Article
- Fluorescent membrane markers elucidate the association of Borrelia burgdorferi with tick cell lines.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2016Article
- Growth of Ehrlichia canis, the causative agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, in vector and non-vector ixodid tick cell lines.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Ticks transmit various human and animal microbial pathogens and may harbour more than one pathogen simultaneously. Both viruses and bacteria can trigger, and may subsequently suppress, vertebrate host and arthropod vector anti-microbial responses. Microbial coinfection of ticks could lead to an advantage or disadvantage for one or more of the microorganisms. In this preliminary study, cell lines derived from the ticks Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes ricinus were infected sequentially with 2 arthropod-borne pathogens, Borrelia burgdorferi s.s., Ehrlichia ruminantium, or Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and the effect of coinfection on the replication of these pathogens was measured. Prior infection of tick cell cultures with the spirochaete B. burgdorferi enhanced subsequent replication of the rickettsial pathogen E. ruminantium whereas addition of spirochaetes to cells infected with E. ruminantium had no effect on growth of the latter. Both prior and subsequent presence of B. burgdorferi also had a positive effect on SFV replication. Presence of E. ruminantium or SFV had no measurable effect on B. burgdorferi growth. In tick cells infected first with E. ruminantium and then with SFV, virus replication was significantly higher across all time points measured (24, 48, 72h post infection), while presence of the virus had no detectable effect on bacterial growth. When cells were infected first with SFV and then with E. ruminantium, there was no effect on replication of either pathogen. The results of this preliminary study indicate that interplay does occur between different pathogens during infection of tick cells. Further study is needed to determine if this results from direct pathogen-pathogen interaction or from effects on host cell defences, and to determine if these observations also apply in vivo in ticks. If presence of one pathogen in the tick vector results in increased replication of another, this could have implications for disease transmission and incidence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.