ArticleJournal of bacteriology2014
Lowering GTP level increases survival of amino acid starvation but slows growth rate for Bacillus subtilis cells lacking (p)ppGpp.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial growth rate in populations and single cells.Nature microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- A shared alarmone-GTP switch controls persister formation in bacteria.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Distantly related bacteria share a rigid proteome allocation strategy with flexible enzyme kinetics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- The Emerging Role of (p)ppGpp in DNA Repair and Associated Bacterial Survival against Fluoroquinolones.Gene expression · 2025Article
- (p)ppGpp-mediated GTP homeostasis ensures survival and antibiotic tolerance of Staphylococcus aureus.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Environmental purines decrease Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation by disrupting c-di-GMP metabolism.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Sound the (Smaller) Alarm: The Triphosphate Magic Spot Nucleotide pGpp.Infection and immunity · 2023Review
- Recent functional insights into the magic role of (p)ppGpp in growth control.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Review
- Role of (p)ppGpp in antibiotic resistance, tolerance, persistence and survival in Firmicutes.microLife · 2023Review
- Stress-Associated and Growth-Dependent Mutagenesis Are Divergently Regulated by c-di-AMP Levels inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Diversity of mechanisms to control bacterial GTP homeostasis by the mutually exclusive binding of adenine and guanine nucleotides to IMP dehydrogenase.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2022Article
- Inhibition of SRP-dependent protein secretion by the bacterial alarmone (p)ppGpp.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Diverse molecular mechanisms of transcription regulation by the bacterial alarmone ppGpp.Molecular microbiology · 2022Review
- Effects of DNA Topology on Transcription from rRNA Promoters inMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- The (p)ppGpp Synthetase RSH Mediates Stationary-Phase Onset and Antibiotic Stress Survival in Clostridioides difficile.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- Molecular Mechanism of Regulation of the Purine Salvage Enzyme XPRT by the Alarmones pppGpp, ppGpp, and pGpp.Journal of molecular biology · 2020Article
- Basal-Level Effects of (p)ppGpp in the Absence of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial cells sense external nutrient availability to regulate macromolecular synthesis and consequently their growth. In the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis, the starvation-inducible nucleotide (p)ppGpp negatively regulates GTP levels, both to resist nutritional stress and to maintain GTP homeostasis during growth. Here, we quantitatively investigated the relationship between GTP level, survival of amino acid starvation, and growth rate when GTP synthesis is uncoupled from its major homeostatic regulator, (p)ppGpp. We analyzed growth and nucleotide levels in cells that lack (p)ppGpp and found that their survival of treatment with a nonfunctional amino acid analog negatively correlates with both growth rate and GTP level. Manipulation of GTP levels modulates the exponential growth rate of these cells in a positive dose-dependent manner, such that increasing the GTP level increases growth rate. However, accumulation of GTP levels above a threshold inhibits growth, suggesting a toxic effect. Strikingly, adenine counteracts GTP stress by preventing GTP accumulation in cells lacking (p)ppGpp. Our results emphasize the importance of maintaining appropriate levels of GTP to maximize growth: cells can survive amino acid starvation by decreasing GTP level, which comes at a cost to growth, while (p)ppGpp enables rapid adjustment to nutritional stress by adjusting GTP level, thus maximizing fitness.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.