ArticleNature chemical biology2014
Amphotericin forms an extramembranous and fungicidal sterol sponge.
Article in Nature chemical biology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07215273 (A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Study of Safety and Efficacy of EL219), which is not on this map. Cited by 286 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind Study of Safety and Efficacy of EL219 (Turletricin) Versus Liposomal Amphotericin B or Voriconazole for Early Antifungal Therapy of Invasive Mould Infections (TREAT-1)
Who cites it
286 citing papers in PubMed, 499 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)7 inhibitor BS-181 inhibits pathogenic Cryptococcus species, causing GVirulence · 2026Article
- Non-ergosterol lipid remodeling governs amphotericin B susceptibility via TOR-calcineurin signaling inCell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Liposomal amphotericin B-associated electrolyte abnormalities among adult patients in a tertiary hospital.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Ectopic overproduction of cell wall glucan through membrane perturbation by an antifungal peptide theonellamide A in fission yeast.iScience · 2026Article
- The Cryptococcus neoformans titanide is a pathogenic cell type that arises from typical yeast cells in response to host conditions.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Anti-psychotic drugs act synergistically in combination with antifungal drugs to inhibit drug-resistantmSphere · 2026Article
- TOR kinase inhibition reverses azole resistance in Candida auris by targeting heme biosynthesis.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Canalesolide A, a Structurally Unique Polyhydroxy Macrolide from the Marine Cyanobacterium Okeania sp. with Potent Antitrypanosomal Activity.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Candida glabrata YPK2 is a multidrug susceptibility locus.Genetics · 2026Article
- Unpacking amphotericin B toxicity: a critical review of amphotericin B aggregation and its link to toxicity and antifungal activity.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
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- Antifungal resistance: from classical mechanisms to the expanding role of acetyltransferases.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Ergosterol-depleted clinical isolates ofmBio · 2026Article
- Antiviral Activity of Polyene Macrolides Against Newcastle Disease Virus: Computational and Experimental Insights.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Emerging evidence for a multitude of mechanisms and factors that determine amphotericin B resistance in pathogenic fungi.Cell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Liposomal antimicrobials in the fight against bacterial and fungal pathogens: Clinical successes and development challenges.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Anti-Candida albicans effect of the new antifungal compound Venetin-1 obtained from earthworms versus amphotericin B.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nectriatides with No Antifungal Activity Bind to Ergosterol and Potentiate the Antifungal Activity of Amphotericin B againstACS omega · 2026Article
- Chitosan-Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Co-Loaded with Curcumin and Amphotericin B: A Drug Delivery Approach for Photodynamic Inhibition of Dual-Species Biofilms.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
226 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For over 50 years, amphotericin has remained the powerful but highly toxic last line of defense in treating life-threatening fungal infections in humans with minimal development of microbial resistance. Understanding how this small molecule kills yeast is thus critical for guiding development of derivatives with an improved therapeutic index and other resistance-refractory antimicrobial agents. In the widely accepted ion channel model for its mechanism of cytocidal action, amphotericin forms aggregates inside lipid bilayers that permeabilize and kill cells. In contrast, we report that amphotericin exists primarily in the form of large, extramembranous aggregates that kill yeast by extracting ergosterol from lipid bilayers. These findings reveal that extraction of a polyfunctional lipid underlies the resistance-refractory antimicrobial action of amphotericin and suggests a roadmap for separating its cytocidal and membrane-permeabilizing activities. This new mechanistic understanding is also guiding development of what are to our knowledge the first derivatives of amphotericin that kill yeast but not human cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.