ArticleNeuroscience2014
Cortical involvement in the StartReact effect.
Article in Neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessment of trunk flexion in arm reaching tasks with electromyography and smartphone accelerometry in healthy human subjects.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- What Is the StartReact Effect?Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- A Robotic Assistance With Specialized Timing Improves Motor Performance: Implications for Movement Training.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2026Article
- Reticulospinal and corticospinal responses in long-term strength-trained and untrained adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Age-related changes in reticulospinal contributions to anticipatory postural adjustments between back extensors and abdominal muscles.Experimental physiology · 2024Article
- Enhanced Muscle Activation Using Robotic Assistance Within the Electromechanical Delay: Implications for Rehabilitation?IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2024Article
- Myoclonus and other jerky movement disorders.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2022Review
- Response triggering by an acoustic stimulus increases with stimulus intensity and is best predicted by startle reflex activation.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Temporal binding and agency under startle.Experimental brain research · 2021Article
- StartReact effects are dependent on engagement of startle reflex circuits: support for a subcortically mediated initiation pathway.Journal of neurophysiology · 2019Article
- Stabilizing stretch reflexes are modulated independently from the rapid release of perturbation-triggered motor plans.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- High-intensity transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals differential cortical contributions to prepared responses.Journal of neurophysiology · 2019Article
- Mechanical perturbations can elicit triggered reactions in the absence of a startle response.Experimental brain research · 2018Article
- StartReact effects in first dorsal interosseous muscle are absent in a pinch task, but present when combined with elbow flexion.PloS one · 2018Article
- Startle reveals decreased response preparatory activation during a stop-signal task.Journal of neurophysiology · 2016Article
- Nonspeech Oral Movements and Oral Motor Disorders: A Narrative Review.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2015Review
- Interactions between stretch and startle reflexes produce task-appropriate rapid postural reactions.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2015Review
- The early release of actions by loud sounds in muscles with distinct connectivity.Experimental brain research · 2014Article
- Pitch planning in English and Taiwanese Mandarin: evidence from startle-elicited responses.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The rapid release of prepared movements by a loud acoustic stimulus capable of eliciting a startle response has been termed the StartReact effect (Valls-Solé et al., 1999), and premotor reaction times (PMTs) of <70 ms are often observed. Two explanations have been given for these short latency responses. The subcortical storage and triggering hypothesis suggests movements that can be prepared in advance of a "go" signal are stored and triggered from subcortical areas by a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS) without cortical involvement. Alternatively, it has been hypothesized that the SAS can trigger movements from cortical areas through a faster pathway ascending from subcortical structures. Two experiments were designed to examine the possible role of the primary motor cortex in the StartReact effect. In Experiment 1, we used suprathreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during the reaction time (RT) interval to induce a cortical silent period in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1). Thirteen participants performed 20° wrist extension movements as fast as possible in response to either a control stimulus (82 dB) or SAS (124 dB). PMTs for startle trials were faster than for control trials, while TMS significantly delayed movement onset compared to No TMS or Sham TMS conditions. In Experiment 2, we examined the StartReact effect in a highly cortically represented action involving speech of a consonant-vowel (CV) syllable. Similar to previous work examining limb movements, a robust StartReact effect was found. Collectively, these experiments provide evidence for cortical (M1) involvement in the StartReact effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.