Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24680228›Full record

Trial reportBehavior therapy2014

Modular cognitive-behavioral therapy for body dysmorphic disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

Sabine Wilhelm, Katharine A Phillips, Elizabeth Didie, Ulrike Buhlmann, Jennifer L Greenberg, Jeanne M Fama, Aparna Keshaviah, Gail Steketee

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Behavior therapy, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
29.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 229 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Trial
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  10. Article
  11. Observational
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Visual Perceptual Processing Abnormalities in Body Dysmorphic Disorder.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Sabine WilhelmMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Electronic address: wilhelm@psych.mgh.harvard.edu.
Katharine A PhillipsRhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
Elizabeth DidieRhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University.
Ulrike BuhlmannHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
Jennifer L GreenbergMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
Jeanne M FamaMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
Aparna KeshaviahMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School.
Gail SteketeeBoston University.
Harvard University · USRhode Island Hospital · USHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin · DEMassachusetts General Hospital · US

Funding

CBT Treatment Development for Body Dysmorphic DisorderR34MH070490 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WILHELM, SABINE · 2004 to 2006
$621k
NIMH NIH HHS R34 MH070490
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are few effective treatments for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and a pressing need to develop such treatments. We examined the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a manualized modular cognitive-behavioral therapy for BDD (CBT-BDD). CBT-BDD utilizes core elements relevant to all BDD patients (e.g., exposure, response prevention, perceptual retraining) and optional modules to address specific symptoms (e.g., surgery seeking). Thirty-six adults with BDD were randomized to 22 sessions of immediate individual CBT-BDD over 24 weeks (n=17) or to a 12-week waitlist (n=19). The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD (BDD-YBOCS), Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory-II were completed pretreatment, monthly, posttreatment, and at 3- and 6-month follow-up. The Sheehan Disability Scale and Client Satisfaction Inventory (CSI) were also administered. Response to treatment was defined as ≥30% reduction in BDD-YBOCS total from baseline. By week 12, 50% of participants receiving immediate CBT-BDD achieved response versus 12% of waitlisted participants (p=0.026). By posttreatment, 81% of all participants (immediate CBT-BDD plus waitlisted patients subsequently treated with CBT-BDD) met responder criteria. While no significant group differences in BDD symptom reduction emerged by Week 12, by posttreatment CBT-BDD resulted in significant decreases in BDD-YBOCS total over time (d=2.1, p<0.0001), with gains maintained during follow-up. Depression, insight, and disability also significantly improved. Patient satisfaction was high, with a mean CSI score of 87.3% (SD=12.8%) at posttreatment. CBT-BDD appears to be a feasible, acceptable, and efficacious treatment that warrants more rigorous investigation.

Indexed as

AchievementPersonality InventoryAdultBody Dysmorphic DisordersCognitionCognitive Behavioral TherapyFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMalePsychiatric Status Rating ScalesRetrospective StudiesSeverity of Illness IndexTreatment OutcomeBDDbody dysmorphic disorderbody imagecognitive-behavioral therapytreatment

Identifiers

PMID24680228
PMCPMC4283214
OpenAlexW1966470720

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.