ArticlePsychiatry research2014
Context and explicit threat cue modulation of the startle reflex: preliminary evidence of distinctions between adolescents with principal fear disorders versus distress disorders.
Article in Psychiatry research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fear learning and extinction predicts anxiety in daily life: a study of Pavlovian conditioning and ecological momentary assessment.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Exposure to an obesogenic diet during adolescence leads to abnormal maturation of neural and behavioral substrates underpinning fear and anxiety.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Article
- Using Event-Related Potentials and Startle to Evaluate Time Course in Anxiety and Depression.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2018Review
- Reinstatement of contextual conditioned anxiety in virtual reality and the effects of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation in humans.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- An Evaluation of the Specificity of Executive Function Impairment in Developmental Psychopathology.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2017Article
- Heightened extended amygdala metabolism following threat characterizes the early phenotypic risk to develop anxiety-related psychopathology.Molecular psychiatry · 2017Article
- Anxiety and Depression Symptom Dimensions Demonstrate Unique Relationships with the Startle Reflex in Anticipation of Unpredictable Threat in 8 to 14 Year-Old Girls.Journal of abnormal child psychology · 2017Article
- Testing a hierarchical model of neuroticism and its cognitive facets: Latent structure and prospective prediction of first onsets of anxiety and unipolar mood disorders during 3 years in late adolescence.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2016Article
- Effects of oxytocin on background anxiety in rats with high or low baseline startle.Psychopharmacology · 2016Article
- Fear load: The psychophysiological over-expression of fear as an intermediate phenotype associated with trauma reactions.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2015Article
- Time course of threat responding in panic disorder and depression.International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology · 2015Article
- Affective modulation of the startle response among children at high and low risk for anxiety disorders.Psychological medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are prevalent, impairing disorders. High comorbidity has raised questions about how to define and classify them. Structural models emphasise distinctions between "fear" and "distress" disorders while other initiatives propose they be defined by neurobiological indicators that cut across disorders. This study examined startle reflex (SR) modulation in adolescents with principal fear disorders (specific phobia; social phobia) (n=20), distress disorders (unipolar depressive disorders, dysthymia, generalised anxiety disorder; post-traumatic stress disorder) (n=9), and controls (n=29) during (a) baseline conditions, (b) threat context conditions (presence of contraction pads over the biceps muscle), and (c) an explicit threat cue paradigm involving phases that signalled safety from aversive stimuli (early and late stages of safe phases; early stages of danger phases) and phases that signalled immediate danger of an aversive stimulus (late stages of danger phases). Adolescents with principal fear disorders showed larger SRs than other groups throughout safe phases and early stages of danger phases. SRs did not differ between groups during late danger phases. Adolescents with principal distress disorders showed attenuated SRs during baseline and context conditions compared to other groups. Preliminary findings support initiatives to redefine emotional disorders based on neurobiological functioning.
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Registered trials
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