ArticleImmunology2014
CXCR3 deficiency enhances tumor progression by promoting macrophage M2 polarization in a murine breast cancer model.
Article in Immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Targeting cellular source-specific CXCL9 signaling for immunotherapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals different cellular states in malignant cells and the tumor microenvironment in primary and metastatic ER-positive breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Development of DPP-4-resistant CXCL9-Fc and CXCL10-Fc chemokines for effective cancer immunotherapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- M1-type polarized macrophage contributes to brain damage through CXCR3.2/CXCL11 pathways after RGNNV infection in grouper.Virulence · 2024Article
- Glucan fromJournal of Cancer · 2024Article
- PD-1 and CTLA-4 serve as major gatekeepers for effector and cytotoxic T-cell potentiation by limiting a CXCL9/10-CXCR3-IFNγ positive feedback loop.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The duality of CXCR3 in glioblastoma: unveiling autocrine and paracrine mechanisms for novel therapeutic approaches.Cell death & disease · 2023Review
- β-Glucan produced by Lentinus edodes suppresses breast cancer progression via the inhibition of macrophage M2 polarization by integrating autophagy and inflammatory signals.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
- CXCL11-armed oncolytic adenoviruses enhance CAR-T cell therapeutic efficacy and reprogram tumor microenvironment in glioblastoma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
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- Multifaceted role of chemokines in solid tumors: From biology to therapy.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Review
- Combination of a novel heat shock protein 90-targeted photodynamic therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade induces potent systemic antitumor efficacy and abscopal effect against breast cancers.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Amplification of the CXCR3/CXCL9 axis via intratumoral electroporation of plasmid CXCL9 synergizes with plasmid IL-12 therapy to elicit robust anti-tumor immunity.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- Osteopontin contributes to virus resistance associated with type I IFN expression, activation of downstream ifn-inducible effector genes, and CCR2Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Antifungal immunity mediated by C-type lectin receptors may be a novel target in immunotherapy for urothelial bladder cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
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- Interferon-γ-Inducible Chemokines as Prognostic Markers for Lung Cancer.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages play a vital role in determining the outcome of breast cancer. We investigated the contribution of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 to antitumor immune responses using a cxcr3 deficient mouse orthotopically injected with a PyMT breast cancer cell line. We observed that cxcr3 deficient mice displayed increased IL-4 production and M2 polarization in the tumors and spleens compared to WT mice injected with PyMT cells. This was accompanied by larger tumor development in cxcr3(-/-) than in WT mice. Further, tumor-promoting myeloid derived immune cell populations accumulated in higher proportions in the spleens of cxcr3 deficient mice. Interestingly, cxcr3(-/-) macrophages displayed a deficiency in up-regulating inducible nitric oxide synthase after stimulation by either IFN-γ or PyMT supernatants. Stimulation of bone marrow derived macrophages by PyMT supernatants also resulted in greater induction of arginase-1 in cxcr3(-/-) than WT mice. Further, cxcr3(-/-) T cells activated with CD3/CD28 in vitro produced greater amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 than T cells from WT mice. Our data suggests that a greater predisposition of cxcr3 deficient macrophages towards M2 polarization contributes to an enhanced tumor promoting environment in cxcr3 deficient mice. Although CXCR3 is known to be expressed on some macrophages, this is the first report that demonstrates a role for CXCR3 in macrophage polarization and subsequent breast tumor outcomes. Targeting CXCR3 could be a potential therapeutic approach in the management of breast cancer tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.