ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2014
Decline in temperature and humidity increases the occurrence of influenza in cold climate.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global meta-analysis of short-term associations between ambient temperature and pathogen-specific respiratory infections, 2004 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- The influence of weather and urban environment characteristics on upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Warmer weather unlikely to reduce the COVID-19 transmission: An ecological study in 202 locations in 8 countries.The Science of the total environment · 2021Pooled it
- Global Association of Cold Spells and Adverse Health Effects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2016Pooled it
- Environmental drivers of influenza A and B: causal analysis and forecasting.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Post-COVID-19 Dynamics of Pediatric Respiratory Viruses in Wuhan: Epidemiology, Co-Infection Patterns, and Clinical Severity (2023-2024).Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Links between influenza epidemics, weather characteristics and all-cause mortality in the Czech Republic, 1982-2020.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Investigating environmental determinants and spatiotemporal dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 outbreaks in India through machine learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of low environmental temperatures on the global burden of myocarditis: insights from the 1990-2021 global burden of disease study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Epidemiological trends of laboratory-confirmed influenza cases driven by meteorological factors in Anhui Province, China: a multi-city time-series analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Impact of dual climatic and socioeconomic factors on global trends in infectious disease outbreaks.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterizing the Roles of Life Stage and Season on the Prevalence of Select Viral Pathogens inVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Epidemiological patterns of influenza viruses among severe acute respiratory infection patients in Burkina Faso, 2016-2019: a surveillance study.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Impact of meteorological factors on influenza incidence in Wuxi from 2014 to 2019: a time series and comprehensive analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The Effects of Environmental Factors on General Human Health: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Increased Risk of Influenza Infection During Cold Spells in China: National Time Series Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- The multifaceted benefits of passive heat therapies for extending the healthspan: A comprehensive review with a focus on Finnish sauna.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2024Review
- Associations between Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Influenza: An Individual-Level Case-Crossover Study in Guangzhou, China.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Potential risk zones and climatic factors influencing the occurrence and persistence of avian influenza viruses in the environment of live bird markets in Bangladesh.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
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17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBoth temperature and humidity may independently or jointly contribute to the risk of influenza infections. We examined the relations between the level and decrease of temperature, humidity and the risk of influenza A and B virus infections in a subarctic climate.
methodsWe conducted a case-crossover study among military conscripts (n = 892) seeking medical attention due to respiratory symptoms during their military training period and identified 66 influenza A and B cases by PCR or serology. Meteorological data such as measures of average and decline in ambient temperature and absolute humidity (AH) during the three preceding days of the onset (hazard period) and two reference periods, prior and after the onset were obtained.
resultsThe average temperature preceding the influenza onset was -6.8 ± 5.6°C and AH 3.1 ± 1.3 g/m3. A decrease in both temperature and AH during the hazard period increased the occurrence of influenza so that a 1°C decrease in temperature and 0.5 g decrease per m3 in AH increased the estimated risk by 11% [OR 1.11 (1.03 to 1.20)] and 58% [OR 1.58 (1.28 to 1.96)], respectively. The occurrence of influenza infections was positively associated with both the average temperature [OR 1.10 per 1°C (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.19)] and AH [OR 1.25 per g/m3 (1.05 to 1.49)] during the hazard period prior to onset.
conclusionOur results demonstrate that a decrease rather than low temperature and humidity per se during the preceding three days increase the risk of influenza episodes in a cold climate.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.