ReviewBirth defects research. Part C, Embryo today : reviews2014
Tendon-to-bone attachment: from development to maturity.
Review in Birth defects research. Part C, Embryo today : reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding Tendons: Lessons from Transgenic Mouse Models.Stem cells and development · 2018Pooled it
- The developing tendon and enthesis are hypoxic and rely on hypoxia-inducible factor 1a during postnatal development.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae promote osteogenic differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells through the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway, thereby improving bone regeneration after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in rats.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2026Article
- Identification of a new population of TnnBone research · 2026Article
- Tendon-Targeted Knockout of Collagen XII Disrupts Murine Achilles Tendon Structure, Function, and Gene Expression at Later Stages of Postnatal Development.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Analysis of cranial tenocyte heterogeneity reveals a role for Wnt signaling in tendon attachments.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Genetics and pathophysiology of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The developing tendon and enthesis are hypoxic and rely on hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Muscle loading and endochondral ossification are involved in the regeneration of a fibrocartilaginous enthesis during tendon to bone healing in rabbits.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Review
- Hedgehog signaling directs cell differentiation and plays a critical role in tendon enthesis healing.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2025Article
- Investigating the influence of mineral content changes on mechanical properties through ligament insertion.Frontiers in aging · 2025Article
- GelMA encapsulating BMSCs-exosomes combined with interference screw or suture anchor promotes tendon-bone healing in a rabbit model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Paracrine signals influence patterns of fibrocartilage differentiation in a lyophilized gelatin hydrogel for applications in rotator cuff repair.Biomaterials science · 2024Article
- The role of GDF5 in regulating enthesopathy development in the Hyp mouse model of XLH.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2024Article
- A role for TGFβ signaling in Gli1+ tendon and enthesis cells.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- Characterization of the mechanical properties of the mouse Achilles tendon enthesis by microindentation. Effects of unloading and subsequent reloading.Bone reports · 2024Article
- Bi-lineage inducible and immunoregulatory electrospun fibers scaffolds for synchronous regeneration of tendon-to-bone interface.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- Impaired 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 action underlies enthesopathy development in the Hyp mouse model of X-linked hypophosphatemia.JCI insight · 2023Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The attachment between tendon and bone occurs across a complex transitional tissue that minimizes stress concentrations and allows for load transfer between muscles and skeleton. This unique tissue cannot be reconstructed following injury, leading to high incidence of recurrent failure and stressing the need for new clinical approaches. This review describes the current understanding of the development and function of the attachment site between tendon and bone. The embryonic attachment unit, namely, the tip of the tendon and the bone eminence into which it is inserted, was recently shown to develop modularly from a unique population of Sox9- and Scx-positive cells, which are distinct from tendon fibroblasts and chondrocytes. The fate and differentiation of these cells is regulated by transforming growth factor beta and bone morphogenetic protein signaling, respectively. Muscle loads are then necessary for the tissue to mature and mineralize. Mineralization of the attachment unit, which occurs postnatally at most sites, is largely controlled by an Indian hedgehog/parathyroid hormone-related protein feedback loop. A number of fundamental questions regarding the development of this remarkable attachment system require further study. These relate to the signaling mechanism that facilitates the formation of an interface with a gradient of cellular and extracellular phenotypes, as well as to the interactions between tendon and bone at the point of attachment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.