Observational studyBMJ open2014
An observational study of giant cell interstitial pneumonia and lung fibrosis in hard metal lung disease.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Collaborative functionality between three types of inflammation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Plasma membrane damage by environmental materials enhances cell-cell fusion and impairs defense functions of macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Beyond the Graft: Recurrence of Interstitial Lung Diseases Post Transplant.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Monolacunary Wells-Dawson Polyoxometalate as a Novel Contrast Agent for Computed Tomography: A Comprehensive Study on In Vivo Toxicity and Biodistribution.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Interstitial lung disease related to occupational hard metal exposure: two case reports.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- In vivo toxicity evaluation of a polyoxotungstate nanocluster as a promising contrast agent for computed tomography.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- An unusual case of interstitial lung disease: Revisiting peribronchiolar metaplasia interstitial lung disease (PBM-ILD).Respirology case reports · 2023Article
- Tungsten toxicity and carcinogenesis.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2023Article
- Inhalation of Tungsten Metal Particulates Alters the Lung and Bone Microenvironments Following Acute Exposure.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2021Article
- Imaging diagnosis of classical and new pneumoconiosis: predominant reticular HRCT pattern.Insights into imaging · 2021Review
- Airway-centered Interstitial Fibrosis Involving Smooth Muscle Hyperplasia with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2020Article
- Nanotechnology for angiogenesis: opportunities and challenges.Chemical Society reviews · 2020Review
- Macrophage fusion caused by particle instillation.Current research in toxicology · 2020Article
- Progressive plasterer's pneumoconiosis complicated by fibrotic interstitial pneumonia: a case report.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2019Article
- Metal-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.Current environmental health reports · 2018Review
- A case series describing common radiographic and pathologic patterns of hard metal pneumoconiosis.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2018Article
- Dust and Cobalt Levels in the Austrian Tungsten Industry: Workplace and Human Biomonitoring Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Gender differences in murine pulmonary responses elicited by cellulose nanocrystals.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2016Article
- Recurrent nitrofurantoin-induced giant cell interstitial pneumonia: Case report and literature review.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2015Article
- Two cases of hard metal lung disease showing gradual improvement in pulmonary function after avoiding dust exposure.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHard metal lung disease has various pathological patterns including giant cell interstitial pneumonia (GIP) and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Although the UIP pattern is considered the prominent feature in advanced disease, it is unknown whether GIP finally progresses to the UIP pattern.
objectivesTo clarify clinical, pathological and elemental differences between the GIP and UIP patterns in hard metal lung disease.
methodsA cross-sectional study of patients from 17 institutes participating in the 10th annual meeting of the Tokyo Research Group for Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases, 2009. Nineteen patients (seven female) diagnosed with hard metal lung disease by the presence of tungsten in lung specimens were studied.
resultsFourteen cases were pathologically diagnosed as GIP or centrilobular inflammation/fibrosing. The other five cases were the UIP pattern or upper lobe fibrosis. Elemental analyses of lung specimens of GIP showed tungsten throughout the centrilobular fibrotic areas. In the UIP pattern, tungsten was detected in the periarteriolar area with subpleural fibrosis, but no association with centrilobular fibrosis or inflammatory cell infiltration. The GIP group was younger (43.1 vs 58.6 years), with shorter exposure duration (73 vs 285 months; p<0.01), lower serum KL-6 (398 vs 710 U/mL) and higher lymphocyte percentage in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (31.5% vs 3.22%; p<0.05) than the fibrosis group.
conclusionsThe UIP pattern or upper lobe fibrosis is remarkably different from GIP in distribution of hard metal elements, associated interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and clinical features. In hard metal lung disease, the UIP pattern or upper lobe fibrosis may not be an advanced form of GIP.
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