ArticleJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2014
Impact of lactation stage, gestational age and mode of delivery on breast milk microbiota.
Article in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 295 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotic Supplementation During the Perinatal and Infant Period: Effects on Gut Dysbiosis and Disease.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- The human breast milk microbiome: a landscape review of its composition, origins, and impact on infant health.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Distinct associations among human milk microbiota and minerals in relation to early infant growth: a longitudinal study.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- The Human Breast Microbiome: From Homeostasis to Malignancy, Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A Metagenomic Comparison of the Colostrum Microbiome in Bulgarian Mothers by Delivery Mode: A Pilot Study.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Breastfeeding and prevention of childhood obesity: a narrative review of behavioral, hormonal, and microbiome programming.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Human milk microbiota: origins, determinants, and roles in maternal-infant microbial transmission and infant microbiome assembly.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Coordination Between Treg Cells and Bifidobacterium in the Immune-Bacterial Network of Human Colostrum.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Dynamics and drivers of the human breast milk microbiome across lactation stages.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A GH42 β‑Galactosidase from the Human IsolateACS omega · 2025Article
- Next Generation Sequencing in Defining the Composition of Bacterial Microbiota of Donated Human Milk.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2025Article
- The Association Between Maternal Diet and the Human Milk Microbiome: A Review of Evidence and Methodological Challenges.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Factors Influencing the Colostrum's Microbiota: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Infant Oral Microbiome: Developmental Dynamics, Modulating Factors, and Implications for Oral and Systemic Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Impact of Dietary Habits and Maternal Body Composition on Human Milk Microbiota-Polish Pilot Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The impact of breastfeeding on the preterm infant's microbiome and metabolome: a pilot study.Pediatric research · 2025Observational
- Characterization of vaginal microbiota across female reproductive phases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- A microbial symphony: a literature review of the factors that orchestrate the colonization dynamics of the human colonic microbiome during infancy and implications for future health.Microbiome research reports · 2025Review
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThere is an increasing evidence of the immunological role of breast milk (BM) microbiota on infant health. This study aims to analyze several determining factors of milk microbiota. STUDY
designA total of 96 milk samples from 32 healthy mothers (19 preterm vs 13 at term gestations; and 15 vaginal deliveries vs 17 Cesarean sections) were longitudinally collected. Microbiota composition was studied by quantitative PCR and the influence of lactation stage, gestational age and delivery mode was evaluated.
resultGlobally, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp. were the predominant bacterial groups. Total bacteria, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus spp. counts increased throughout the lactation period. At all lactation stages, Bifidobacterium spp. concentration was significantly higher in milk samples from at term gestations than in preterm gestations. Higher bacterial concentrations in colostrum and transitional milk were found in Cesarean sections. Nevertheless, Bifidobacterium was detected more frequently in vaginal than in Cesarean deliveries.
conclusionLactation stage, gestational age and delivery mode all influence the composition of several bacteria inhabiting BM: Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Enterococcus spp., and, consequently, may affect the infant's early intestinal colonization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.