ArticleMolecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)2014
The ability of thyroid hormone receptors to sense t4 as an agonist depends on receptor isoform and on cellular cofactors.
Article in Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- The total mass, copy number, and distribution of hormones in the human bloodstream.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Interaction Between Thyroid Hormones and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in the Regulation of Steroidogenesis by Granulosa Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Differential effects of 3,5-T2 and T3 on the gill regeneration and metamorphosis of theFrontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Region-specific effects of antenatal/early postnatal hypothyroidism on endothelial NO-pathway activity in systemic circulation.Current research in physiology · 2022Article
- Investigation of NH3 as a selective thyroid hormone receptor modulator in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio).Neurotoxicology · 2021Article
- Thyroxine Induces Acute Relaxation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Arteries via Integrin αvβ3, ERK1/2 and Integrin-Linked Kinase.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Modeling binary and graded cone cell fate patterning in the mouse retina.PLoS computational biology · 2020Article
- Changes in thyroid hormone activity disrupt photomotor behavior of larval zebrafish.Neurotoxicology · 2019Article
- Insight Into Molecular Determinants of T3 vs T4 Recognition From Mutations in Thyroid Hormone Receptor α and β.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Article
- Effects of thyroid hormone disruption on the ontogenetic expression of thyroid hormone signaling genes in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio).General and comparative endocrinology · 2019Article
- Contaminant and Environmental Influences on Thyroid Hormone Action in Amphibian Metamorphosis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
- Transport, Metabolism, and Function of Thyroid Hormones in the Developing Mammalian Brain.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
- Thyroid hormone signaling specifies cone subtypes in human retinal organoids.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Article
- Protein Disulfide Isomerase Modulates the Activation of Thyroid Hormone Receptors.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2018Article
- Synthetic gene network restoring endogenous pituitary-thyroid feedback control in experimental Graves' disease.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Thyroid hormone function in the rat testis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T4 (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodo-l-thyronine) is classically viewed as a prohormone that must be converted to the T3 (3,5,3'-triiodo-l-thyronine) form for biological activity. We first determined that the ability of reporter genes to respond to T4 and to T3 differed for the different thyroid hormone receptor (TR) isoforms, with TRα1 generally more responsive to T4 than was TRβ1. The response to T4 vs T3 also differed dramatically in different cell types in a manner that could not be attributed to differences in deiodinase activity or in hormone affinity, leading us to examine the role of TR coregulators in this phenomenon. Unexpectedly, several coactivators, such as steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC1) and thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 220 (TRAP220), were recruited to TRα1 nearly equally by T4 as by T3 in vitro, indicating that TRα1 possesses an innate potential to respond efficiently to T4 as an agonist. In contrast, release of corepressors, such as the nuclear receptor coreceptor NCoRω, from TRα1 by T4 was relatively inefficient, requiring considerably higher concentrations of this ligand than did coactivator recruitment. Our results suggest that cells, by altering the repertoire and abundance of corepressors and coactivators expressed, may regulate their ability to respond to T4, raising the possibility that T4 may function directly as a hormone in specific cellular or physiological contexts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.