ReviewFrontiers in integrative neuroscience2014
Operant conditioning of spinal reflexes: from basic science to clinical therapy.
Review in Frontiers in integrative neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Priming With High-Frequency Trans-spinal Stimulation to Augment Locomotor Benefits in Spinal Cord Injury
Operant Conditioning of Sensory Evoked Potentials to Reduce Phantom Limb Pain
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurorehabilitation in the 21st Century: New Science, New Strategies, New Expectations.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2026Review
- Article
- The Hoffmann Reflex.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- Neuroplasticity in Spinal Circuits Mediated by Sexual Experience and Cerebellar Lobules.NeuroSci · 2026Article
- Advancing Stroke Recovery Through Operant Conditioning of Corticomuscular Coherence.Restorative neurology and neuroscience · 2026Review
- Relationship Between Spinal Reflexes and Spastic Movement Disorders.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America · 2026Review
- Bidirectional modulation of soleus spinal excitability induced by upper limb movement practice.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Real-Time Automated Ergonomic Monitoring: A Bio-Inspired System Using 3D Computer Vision.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Operant Conditioning of the Motor Evoked Potential in Forearm Extensors of Individuals with Chronic Incomplete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Case Studies.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Electrophysiological evidence of Hebbian plasticity in awake adult rats.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Proprioceptive Rehabilitation Prevents Ankle Sprain Following L5-S1 Radiculopathy: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Development and evaluation of a non-invasive brain-spine interface using transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Frequency dependence of cortical somatosensory evoked response to peripheral nerve stimulation with controlled afferent excitation.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- The Influence of Two Teaching Approaches on Foot Loading in Skiing Beginners-A Comparative Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Dynamic spinal reflex adaptation during locomotor adaptation.Journal of neurophysiology · 2023Article
- Methods for automated delineation and assessment of EMG responses evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation in diagnostic and closed-loop therapeutic applications.Journal of neural engineering · 2023Article
- Exoskeleton gait training with spinal cord neuromodulation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
- Enhancing neurorehabilitation by targeting beneficial plasticity.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2023Review
- The Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning System (EPOCS): A Research Tool and an Emerging Therapy for Chronic Neuromuscular Disorders.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2022Article
- Heksor: the central nervous system substrate of an adaptive behaviour.The Journal of physiology · 2022Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
New appreciation of the adaptive capabilities of the nervous system, recent recognition that most spinal cord injuries are incomplete, and progress in enabling regeneration are generating growing interest in novel rehabilitation therapies. Here we review the 35-year evolution of one promising new approach, operant conditioning of spinal reflexes. This work began in the late 1970's as basic science; its purpose was to develop and exploit a uniquely accessible model for studying the acquisition and maintenance of a simple behavior in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The model was developed first in monkeys and then in rats, mice, and humans. Studies with it showed that the ostensibly simple behavior (i.e., a larger or smaller reflex) rests on a complex hierarchy of brain and spinal cord plasticity; and current investigations are delineating this plasticity and its interactions with the plasticity that supports other behaviors. In the last decade, the possible therapeutic uses of reflex conditioning have come under study, first in rats and then in humans. The initial results are very exciting, and they are spurring further studies. At the same time, the original basic science purpose and the new clinical purpose are enabling and illuminating each other in unexpected ways. The long course and current state of this work illustrate the practical importance of basic research and the valuable synergy that can develop between basic science questions and clinical needs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.