Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24672234›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2014

Indirect costs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review of the economic burden on employers and individuals in the United States.

Jeetvan G Patel, Saurabh P Nagar, Anand A Dalal

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  19. The Importance of Self-Management in the Context of Personalized Care in COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2022
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Jeetvan G PatelPharmacy Administration and Public Health, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA ; US Health Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline, Durham, NC, USA.
Saurabh P NagarUS Health Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline, Durham, NC, USA.
Anand A DalalUS Health Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline, Durham, NC, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo review and summarize existing literature on the indirect burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the US.

methodsMedline, Scopus, and OvidSP databases were searched using defined search terms to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies were published in English between January 2000 and April 2012 and calculated the indirect burden of COPD in a US population in terms of prevalence, incidence or costs of productivity loss, disability, morbidity, or mortality.

resultsOf 53 studies identified, eleven met eligibility criteria, with data years spanning 1987-2009. Estimates of workforce participation range from 56% to 69% among individuals with COPD and from 65% to 77% among individuals without COPD. Approximately 13%-18% of those with COPD are limited in the amount or type of work they can do and one-third or more experience general activity limitation. Estimates of restricted activity days range from 27-63 days per year. Estimates of mean annual sick leave and/or disability days among employed individuals with COPD range from 1.3-19.4 days. Estimates of bed confinement range from 13-32 days per year. Estimated mean annual indirect costs were $893-$2,234/person (US dollars) with COPD ($1,521-$3,348 in 2010 [US dollars]) and varied with the population studied, specific cost outcomes, and economic inputs. In studies that assessed total (direct and indirect) costs, indirect costs accounted for 27%-61% of total costs, depending on the population studied.

conclusionsCOPD is associated with substantial indirect costs. The disease places a burden on employers in terms of lost productivity and associated costs and on individuals in terms of lost income related to absenteeism, activity limitation, and disability. Consideration of indirect as well as direct costs is necessary to gain a more complete view of the societal burden of COPD.

Indexed as

AbsenteeismCost of IllnessEfficiencyEmployer Health CostsBed RestCaregiversDisability EvaluationHumansIncomeMobility LimitationPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveSick LeaveTime FactorsUnited Stateschronic obstructive pulmonary diseasedisabilityeconomicsindirect costsproductivity

Identifiers

PMID24672234
PMCPMC3964024

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.