ReviewJournal of global infectious diseases2013
West nile virus and its theories, a big puzzle in Mexico and latin america.
Review in Journal of global infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Reframing West Nile Virus in Latin America: From Enzootic Evidence to Human Risk-Surveillance Gaps and One Health Actions.Viruses · 2026Review
- Serological evidence of West Nile virus in blood donors from a city on the northern border of mexico: a cross-sectional study.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Identification of West Nile virus infection by anti-premembrane antibodies in Nicaraguan children prior to 2007-2009.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Seasonal Bird Migration Could Explain Regional Synchronicity and Amplification in Human West Nile Virus Case Numbers.GeoHealth · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus: An Update Focusing on Southern Europe.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Lessons Learned from West Nile Virus Infection:Vaccinations in Equines and Their Implications for One Health Approaches.Viruses · 2024Review
- Immunoinformatics assisted profiling of West Nile virus proteome to determine immunodominant epitopes for the development of next-generation multi-peptide vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Serological evidence for potential yellow fever virus infection in non-human primates, southeastern Mexico.One health outlook · 2023Article
- Development and evaluation of neutralizing antibodies for cross-protection against West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus.Infectious medicine · 2023Article
- Assessing the risk of West Nile Virus seasonal outbreaks and its vector control in an urbanizing bird community: An integrative R0-modelling study in the city of Merida, Mexico.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Domestic Dogs as Sentinels for West Nile Virus but not Aedes-borne Flaviviruses, Mexico.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of West Nile virus revisited eight decades after its first isolation.Virulence · 2021Article
- Challenges in the control of neglected insect vector diseases of human importance in the Anglo-Caribbean.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Review
- West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and "One Health" Implications.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Twenty years of West Nile virus spread and evolution in the Americas visualized by Nextstrain.PLoS pathogens · 2019Review
- Emerging Infectious Agents and Blood Safety in Latin America.Frontiers in medicine · 2018Article
- Organization of the Flavivirus RNA replicase complex.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2017Review
- Global research trends in West Nile virus from 1943 to 2016: a bibliometric analysis.Globalization and health · 2017Article
- West Nile Virus Temperature Sensitivity and Avian Virulence Are Modulated by NS1-2B Polymorphisms.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against West Nile virus (WNV) in monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi and Alouatta pigra) and crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus and C. acutus-C. moreletti hybrids) in Mexico.Epidemiology and infection · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been 13 years since the first outbreak of West Nile Virus (WNV) occurred in the Americas. Since then, thousands of human cases have been reported in the United States. In contrast, there has not yet been an outbreak of WNV in any Latin American countries, including Mexico where <20 cases have been reported. We aimed to review publications to gather the main theories related to the fact that not all the countries of the continent reported human cases or that they have reported few cases since the introduction of WNV in the Western Hemisphere. We identified relevant publications using the PubMed database. Furthermore, we present on-line published information from Mexico. We found that researchers have tried to explain this phenomenon using several theories, like pre-existing antibodies against a heterotypical virus that have conferred cross protection in the population. Another explanation is that the strains circulating in Latin America are attenuated or that they came from a different origin of introduction in the continent. Another theory is that a conclusive diagnostic in regions where more than one Flavivirus is circulating results in cross-reaction in serological tests. Probably the sum of factors described by researchers in these theories in order to explain the behavior of the virus has resulted in the low number of reported cases in Latin America.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.