ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2014
A major external source of cholinergic innervation of the striatum and nucleus accumbens originates in the brainstem.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 176 papers.
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Who cites it
176 citing papers in PubMed, 330 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond the role in motor function, entopeduncular nucleus, a critical neural hub in psychiatric disorders and sleep regulation.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Differential recruitment of acetylcholine vesicle pools by electrical stimulation and KCl depolarization in cholinergic nerve terminals.FEBS letters · 2026Article
- Acetylcholine nicotinic receptors play a central role in the modulation of rewarding behaviors by interacting with dopamine transmission: evidence from male rat sexual behavior.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The central cholinergic system as a therapeutic target in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Dopamine and Acetylcholine in the Striatum: Circuit Interactions and Behavioral Control in Substance Use Disorders.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- The Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitor Donepezil Increases Dopamine Levels in the Nucleus Accumbens and Blocks the Alcohol Deprivation Effect in Rats.Addiction biology · 2026Article
- Gut-initiated alpha synuclein fibrils drive parkinsonism phenotypes: temporal mapping of REM sleep behavior disorder-like and other non-motor symptoms.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Article
- Altered acetylcholine modulations and corticoaccumbal pathway in P11-linked social dysfunction.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Striatal cholinergic interneurons exhibit compartment-specific anatomical and functional organization in the mouse.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Neurotoxic effects of chronic ethanol on cholinergic interneurons in the dorsomedial striatum.Neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Dorsolateral striatal acetylcholine reorganizes neural ensembles to anticipate threat.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Adolescent nicotine exposure and persistent neurocircuitry changes: unveiling lifelong psychiatric risks.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Alcohol effects on associative and sensorimotor cortico-thalamo-basal ganglia circuits alter decision making and alcohol intake.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- Cholinergic tone abnormalities and relationships with smoking severity in human cigarette smokers: exploratory positron emission tomography study using [Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Ethanol inhibits dorsomedial striatum acetylcholine release.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: spotlight on central cholinergic dysfunction.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Brain atrophy and cholinergic denervation in progressive supranuclear palsy: an MRI and [Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Extrinsic and intrinsic control of striatal cholinergic interneuron activity.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Editorial: Mechanisms of cholinergic transmission in motivation and cognition.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation in treating mental disorders.Fundamental research · 2025Review
116 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cholinergic transmission in the striatal complex is critical for the modulation of the activity of local microcircuits and dopamine release. Release of acetylcholine has been considered to originate exclusively from a subtype of striatal interneuron that provides widespread innervation of the striatum. Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine (PPN) and laterodorsal tegmental (LDT) nuclei indirectly influence the activity of the dorsal striatum and nucleus accumbens through their innervation of dopamine and thalamic neurons, which in turn converge at the same striatal levels. Here we show that cholinergic neurons in the brainstem also provide a direct innervation of the striatal complex. By the expression of fluorescent proteins in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)::Cre(+) transgenic rats, we selectively labeled cholinergic neurons in the rostral PPN, caudal PPN, and LDT. We show that cholinergic neurons topographically innervate wide areas of the striatal complex: rostral PPN preferentially innervates the dorsolateral striatum, and LDT preferentially innervates the medial striatum and nucleus accumbens core in which they principally form asymmetric synapses. Retrograde labeling combined with immunohistochemistry in wild-type rats confirmed the topography and cholinergic nature of the projection. Furthermore, transynaptic gene activation and conventional double retrograde labeling suggest that LDT neurons that innervate the nucleus accumbens also send collaterals to the thalamus and the dopaminergic midbrain, thus providing both direct and indirect projections, to the striatal complex. The differential activity of cholinergic interneurons and cholinergic neurons of the brainstem during reward-related paradigms suggest that the two systems play different but complementary roles in the processing of information in the striatum.
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