ArticlePloS one2014
Renal failure in lithium-treated bipolar disorder: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychotropic Drugs and Adverse Kidney Effects: A Systematic Review of the Past Decade of Research.CNS drugs · 2022Pooled it
- Lithium in Bipolar Disorder: Renal Mechanisms, Nephrotoxicity Phenotypes, and a Shared-Care Pathway for Clinical Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2026Review
- Lithium effects on renal functioning: an expert opinion and management algorithm.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- D-Carvone Mitigating Renal Damage and Enhancing Antioxidant Defense in Lithium Induced Nephrotoxicity.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Search for surrogate markers to predict end stage kidney disease in long term lithium users.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2025Review
- Comorbid physical health burden of serious mental health disorders in 32 European countries.BMJ mental health · 2024Article
- Lithium induced chronic renal disease: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Lifetime risk of severe kidney disease in lithium-treated patients: a retrospective study.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2023Article
- Key questions on the long term renal effects of lithium: a review of pertinent data.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2023Review
- Absolute and Relative Risks of Kidney Outcomes Associated With Lithium vs Valproate Use in Sweden.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- The low risk for early renal damage during lithium treatment has not changed over time.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Lithium and the risk of chronic kidney disease: A population-based case-control study.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2022Article
- Role of Astrocytes in Major Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Neurochemical research · 2021Review
- Astrocytes in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Review of Postmortem Evidence.Advances in neurobiology · 2021Review
- Article
- Lithium Use in a Patient With Bipolar Disorder and End-Stage Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis: A Case Report.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Safety monitoring of treatment in bipolar disorder in a tertiary care setting in Sri Lanka and recommendations for improved monitoring in resource limited settings.BMC psychiatry · 2019Article
- Lithium treatment, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and the risk of hypernatraemia: a retrospective cohort study.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Lithium and nephrotoxicity: a literature review of approaches to clinical management and risk stratification.BMC nephrology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveLithium users are offered routine renal monitoring but few studies have quantified the risk to renal health. The aim of this study was to assess the association between use of lithium carbonate and incidence of renal failure in patients with bipolar disorder.
methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) and a nested validation study of lithium exposure and renal failure. A cohort of 6360 participants aged over 18 years had a first recorded diagnosis of bipolar disorder between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2007. Data were examined from electronic primary care records from 418 general practices across the UK. The primary outcome was the hazard ratio for renal failure in participants exposed to lithium carbonate as compared with non-users of lithium, adjusting for age, gender, co-morbidities, and poly-pharmacy.
resultsEver use of lithium was associated with a hazard ratio for renal failure of 2.5 (95% confidence interval 1.6 to 4.0) adjusted for known renal risk factors. Absolute risk was age dependent, with patients of 50 years or older at particular risk of renal failure: Number Needed to Harm (NNH) was 44 (21 to 150).
conclusionsLithium is associated with an increased risk of renal failure, particularly among the older age group. The absolute risk of renal failure associated with lithium use remains small.
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