ArticleMalaria journal2014
Parasite densities modulate susceptibility of mice to cerebral malaria during co-infection with Schistosoma japonicum and Plasmodium berghei.
Article in Malaria journal, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Over-dispersion in malaria-schistosoma co-infection: insights from a meta-analytical approach and systematic review.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Pooled it
- Stage specific immune responses to schistosomes may explain conflicting results in malaria-schistosome coinfection studies.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Antiplasmodial evidence, host mitochondrial biology and possible mechanisms of action of a composite extract ofJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2024Article
- Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Microbial (co)infections: Powerful immune influencers.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- Concomitant experimental coinfection by Plasmodium berghei NK65-NY and Ascaris suum downregulates the Ascaris-specific immune response and potentiates Ascaris-associated lung pathology.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Infection against infection: parasite antagonism against parasites, viruses and bacteria.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2019Review
- The Influence of Parasite Infections on Host Immunity to Co-infection With Other Pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Schistosoma mansoni infection suppresses the growth of Plasmodium yoelii parasites in the liver and reduces gametocyte infectivity to mosquitoes.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Co-infection with Chikungunya virus alters trafficking of pathogenic CD8EMBO molecular medicine · 2018Article
- Efficacy and safety evaluation of a novel trioxaquine in the management of cerebral malaria in a mouse model.Malaria journal · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMalaria and schistosomiasis are endemic and co-exist in the same geographic areas, even co-infecting the same host. Previous studies have reported that concomitant infection with Schistosoma japonicum could offer protection against experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) in mice. This study was performed to evaluate whether alterations in parasite density could alter this protective effect.
methodsMice were inoculated with 100 or 200 S. japonicum cercariae followed by infection with high or low density of Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain eight weeks after the first infection. Then, parasitaemia, survival rate and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) damage were assessed. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, and TGF-β levels were determined in splenocyte supernatants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell surface/intracellular staining and flow cytometry were used to analyse the level of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs, IL-10-secreting Tregs, and IL-10(+)Foxp3-CD4(+) T cells in the spleen, and CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells infiltrating the brain.
resultsCo-infection with low density P. berghei and increased S. japonicum cercariae significantly increased the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TGF-β and Tregs, but significantly decreased the levels of IFN-γ and the percentage of CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells in the spleen and CD8(+) T cell infiltration in the brain. Increased worm loads also significantly decreased mortality and BBB impairment during ECM. When challenged with higher numbers of P. berghei and increased cercariae, the observed cytokine changes were not statistically significant. The corresponding ECM mortality and BBB impairment also remained unchanged.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates that protection for ECM depends on the numbers of the parasites, S. japonicum and P. berghei, during co-infection. Alterations in the regulatory response appear to play a key role in this adaptation.
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