Trial reportBMC infectious diseases2014
Interferon-gamma as adjunctive immunotherapy for invasive fungal infections: a case series.
Trial report in BMC infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01270490 (A Multicentre, Prospective, Randomized Open-label Pilot Study to Assess the Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Interferon-gamma in Combination With Anidulafungin for the Treatment of Candidemia), which is not on this map. Cited by 132 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multicentre, Prospective, Randomized Open-label Pilot Study to Assess the Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Interferon-gamma in Combination With Anidulafungin for the Treatment of Candidemia
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 242 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- WHO Critical Priority Fungi: A Comprehensive Review of Antifungal Resistance, Emerging Therapeutic Strategies, and the Potential of Antifungal Peptides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Emerging evidence for anti-PD-1 and IFN-γ as adjunctive immunotherapy in invasive mold infections.mBio · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy in Ocular Fungal Infections: Advances and Emerging Strategies.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Interferon gamma applied ex vivo restores function to neutrophils from critically ill patients.Thorax · 2026Observational
- The Changing Paradigm in Infectious Diseases-Host-Directed Medicine: Implications for the Next Generation of ID Physicians.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression: redefining sepsis therapy using modern approaches.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Antifungal treatment strategies and their impact on resistance development in clinical settings.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Review
- BCG-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Induce TLR2-Dependent Trained Immunity to Protect Against Polymicrobial Sepsis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Immune Dysregulation in Sepsis. A Narrative Review for the Clinicians.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Chimeric PRR T-cell-engager targeting cell surface β-1,3-glucan for invasive candidiasis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The Multifaceted Role of Regulatory T Cells in Sepsis: Mechanisms, Heterogeneity, and Pathogen-Tailored Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Next-generation antifungal drugs: Mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical prospects.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Pilot Study Comparing the In Vitro Response of Circulating Monocytes toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biosimilars Targeting Pathogens: A Comprehensive Review of Their Role in Bacterial, Fungal, Parasitic, and Viral Infections.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Two Case Reports of Interferon-γ Therapy in Patients with Aspergillus Tracheobronchitis Who Developed an Immunocompromised State After Severe Abdominal Sepsis.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Immune Phenotypes in Patients With Invasive Mould Infection Support the Use of PD-1 Inhibition as Potential Treatment Option.Mycoses · 2025Observational
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInvasive fungal infections are very severe infections associated with high mortality rates, despite the availability of new classes of antifungal agents. Based on pathophysiological mechanisms and limited pre-clinical and clinical data, adjunctive immune-stimulatory therapy with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) may represent a promising candidate to improve outcome of invasive fungal infections by enhancing host defence mechanisms.
methodsIn this open-label, prospective case series, we describe eight patients with invasive Candida and/or Aspergillus infections who were treated with recombinant IFN-γ (rIFN-γ, 100 μg s.c., thrice a week) for 2 weeks in addition to standard antifungal therapy.
resultsRecombinant IFN-γ treatment in patients with invasive Candida and/or Aspergillus infections partially restored immune function, as characterized by an increased HLA-DR expression in those patients with a baseline expression below 50%, and an enhanced capacity of leukocytes from treated patients to produce proinflammatory cytokines involved in antifungal defence.
conclusionsThe present study provides evidence that adjunctive immunotherapy with IFN-γ can restore immune function in fungal sepsis patients, warranting future clinical studies to assess its potential clinical benefit.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov--NCT01270490.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.