Trial reportPloS one2014
Smoking and body fat mass in relation to bone mineral density and hip fracture: the Hordaland Health Study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking and fracture risk in men: a meta-analysis of cohort studies, using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of coffee intake on hip fracture: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Nutrition journal · 2015Pooled it
- Non-Tobacco Nicotine dependence associated with increased Postoperative Complications following Intramedullary Nailing for Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures.Journal of surgery and research · 2024Article
- Ethnic determinants of skeletal health in female patients with fragility fracture in a culturally diverse population.Bone reports · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary healthcare professionals regarding smoking and smoking cessation among the elderly in France.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2023Article
- Bone Health in Adults With Prader-Willi Syndrome: Clinical Recommendations Based on a Multicenter Cohort Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Effect of cigarette smoking on alveolar bone thickness and density in patients undergoing leveling and alignment of crowded lower anterior teeth: a controlled clinical trial.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Article
- Non-Pharmacological Interventions towards Preventing the Triad Osteoporosis-Falls Risk-Hip Fracture, in Population Older than 65. Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Total and lean fish intake is positively associated with bone mineral density in older women in the community-based Hordaland Health Study.European journal of nutrition · 2019Article
- Effect of bisphosphonate treatment on the jawbone: an exploratory study using periapical and panoramic radiographic evaluation.Oral radiology · 2019Article
- Current and former smokers and hip fractures.Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2018Review
- The Limited Benefit of Fish Consumption on Risk of Hip Fracture among Men in the Community-Based Hordaland Health Study.Nutrients · 2018Article
- Influence of Smoking on Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Men.International journal of preventive medicine · 2018Article
- Nuclear receptor and VEGF pathways for gene-blood lead interactions, on bone mineral density, in Korean smokers.PloS one · 2018Article
- Risk Factors for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2017Article
- Article
- Long-Term Follow-Up of Individuals Undergoing Sex-Reassignment Surgery: Somatic Morbidity and Cause of Death.Sexual medicine · 2016Article
- Comprehensive analysis of the association of EGFR, CALM3 and SMARCD1 gene polymorphisms with BMD in Caucasian women.PloS one · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lower bone mineral density (BMD) in smokers may be attributable to lower body weight or fat mass, rather than to a direct effect of smoking. We analyzed the effects of smoking exposure, assessed by plasma cotinine, and body fat on BMD and the risk of subsequent hip fracture. In the community-based Hordaland Health Study (HUSK), 3003 participants 46-49 years and 2091 subjects 71-74 years were included. Cotinine was measured in plasma and information on health behaviors was obtained from self-administered questionnaires. BMD and total body soft tissue composition were measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Information on hip fracture was obtained from computerized records containing discharge diagnoses for hospitalizations between baseline examinations 1997-2000 through December 31st, 2009. In the whole cohort, moderate and heavy smokers had stronger positive associations between fat mass and BMD compared to never smokers (differences in regression coefficient (95% CI) per % change in fat mass = 1.38 (0.24, 2.52) and 1.29 (0.17, 2.4), respectively). In moderate and heavy smokers there was a nonlinear association between BMD and fat mass with a stronger positive association at low compared to high levels of fat mass (Davies segmented test, p<0.001). In elderly women and men, heavy smokers had an increased risk of hip fracture compared to never smokers (hazard ratio = 3.31, 95% CI: 2.05, 5.35; p<0.001). In heavy smokers there was a tendency of a lower risk of hip fracture with higher percentage of fat mass. The deleterious effect of smoking on bone health is stronger in lean smokers than in smokers with high fat mass.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.