Trial reportPloS one2014
The VACS index accurately predicts mortality and treatment response among multi-drug resistant HIV infected patients participating in the options in management with antiretrovirals (OPTIMA) study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Chronological versus physiological age for 10-year survival estimation: a real-world healthsystem-wide cohort analysis.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Imaging of Brain Structural and Functional Effects in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Heavily treatment-experienced people living with HIV in the OPERA® cohort: population characteristics and clinical outcomes.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Racial differences in health and cognition as a function of HIV among older adults.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2022Article
- The Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index Predicts Mortality in a Community-recruited Cohort of People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Who Use Illicit Drugs.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- DNA methylation mediates the effect of cocaine use on HIV severity.Clinical epigenetics · 2020Article
- Associations Between Plasma Immunomodulatory and Inflammatory Mediators With VACS Index Scores Among Older HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Geriatric Syndromes in Older Adults Living with HIV and Cognitive Impairment.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2019Article
- HIV Disease Severity Is Sensitive to Temporal Changes in Alcohol Use: A National Study of VA Patients With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- HIV-1 coreceptor tropism: A syllogistic connection with The Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index and the CD4/CD8 ratio.PloS one · 2019Article
- Article
- Long-term alcohol use patterns and HIV disease severity.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- The Association Between Receipt of Guideline-Concordant Long-Term Opioid Therapy and All-Cause Mortality.Journal of general internal medicine · 2016Article
- An adapted frailty-related phenotype and the VACS index as predictors of hospitalization and mortality in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2014Article
- Receipt and predictors of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy among veterans with and without HIV.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesArticle
- Strengths and Limitations of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index as a Measure of Physiologic Frailty.AIDS research and human retrovirusesReview
- The Effect of Substance Use Disorders on the Association Between Guideline-concordant Long-term Opioid Therapy and All-cause Mortality.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe VACS Index is highly predictive of all-cause mortality among HIV infected individuals within the first few years of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). However, its accuracy among highly treatment experienced individuals and its responsiveness to treatment interventions have yet to be evaluated. We compared the accuracy and responsiveness of the VACS Index with a Restricted Index of age and traditional HIV biomarkers among patients enrolled in the OPTIMA study.
methodsUsing data from 324/339 (96%) patients in OPTIMA, we evaluated associations between indices and mortality using Kaplan-Meier estimates, proportional hazards models, Harrel's C-statistic and net reclassification improvement (NRI). We also determined the association between study interventions and risk scores over time, and change in score and mortality.
resultsBoth the Restricted Index (c = 0.70) and VACS Index (c = 0.74) predicted mortality from baseline, but discrimination was improved with the VACS Index (NRI = 23%). Change in score from baseline to 48 weeks was more strongly associated with survival for the VACS Index than the Restricted Index with respective hazard ratios of 0.26 (95% CI 0.14-0.49) and 0.39(95% CI 0.22-0.70) among the 25% most improved scores, and 2.08 (95% CI 1.27-3.38) and 1.51 (95%CI 0.90-2.53) for the 25% least improved scores.
conclusionsThe VACS Index predicts all-cause mortality more accurately among multi-drug resistant, treatment experienced individuals and is more responsive to changes in risk associated with treatment intervention than an index restricted to age and HIV biomarkers. The VACS Index holds promise as an intermediate outcome for intervention research.
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