ArticlePloS one2014
Predicting mortality among hospitalized children with respiratory illness in Western Kenya, 2009-2012.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- What are the risk factors for death among children with pneumonia in low- and middle-income countries? A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Prognostic models for predicting in-hospital paediatric mortality in resource-limited countries: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- Pneumonia Risk Stratification Scores for Children in Low-Resource Settings: A Systematic Literature Review.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Pediatric in-Hospital Death from Infectious Disease in Uganda: Derivation of Clinical Prediction Models.PloS one · 2016Trial
- External Validation of Pediatric Pneumonia and Bronchiolitis Risk Scores to Predict Mortality in Children Hospitalized in Kenya: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Narrative review of clinical prediction models for paediatric community acquired pneumonia.Paediatric respiratory reviews · 2025Review
- External validation of clinical severity scores to guide referral of paediatric acute respiratory infections in resource-limited primary care settings.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Identifying risk of death in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2023Article
- Article
- Derivation and validation of a novel risk assessment tool to identify children aged 2-59 months at risk of hospitalised pneumonia-related mortality in 20 countries.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Observational
- External validation of the RISC, RISC-Malawi, and PERCH clinical prediction rules to identify risk of death in children hospitalized with pneumonia.Journal of global health · 2021Article
- Article
- Comparative mortality for children at one hospital in Kenya staffed with pediatric emergency medicine specialists.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2020Article
- The Predictive Performance of a Pneumonia Severity Score in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-negative Children Presenting to Hospital in 7 Low- and Middle-income Countries.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Mortality Predictive Scores for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children.Current infectious disease reports · 2019Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPediatric respiratory disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. We evaluated a modified respiratory index of severity in children (mRISC) scoring system as a standard tool to identify children at greater risk of death from respiratory illness in Kenya. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe analyzed data from children <5 years old who were hospitalized with respiratory illness at Siaya District Hospital from 2009-2012. We used a multivariable logistic regression model to identify patient characteristics predictive for in-hospital mortality. Model discrimination was evaluated using the concordance statistic. Using bootstrap samples, we re-estimated the coefficients and the optimism of the model. The mRISC score for each child was developed by adding up the points assigned to each factor associated with mortality based on the coefficients in the multivariable model.
resultsWe analyzed data from 3,581 children hospitalized with respiratory illness; including 218 (6%) who died. Low weight-for-age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.1; 95% CI 1.3-3.2], very low weight-for-age (aOR = 3.8; 95% CI 2.7-5.4), caretaker-reported history of unconsciousness (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.6-3.4), inability to drink or breastfeed (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.2-2.8), chest wall in-drawing (aOR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.5-3.1), and being not fully conscious on physical exam (aOR = 8.0; 95% CI 5.1-12.6) were independently associated with mortality. The positive predictive value for mortality increased with increasing mRISC scores.
conclusionsA modified RISC scoring system based on a set of easily measurable clinical features at admission was able to identify children at greater risk of death from respiratory illness in Kenya.
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