Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24667459›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2014

Changes over time in high out-of-pocket health care burden in U.S. adults with diabetes, 2001-2011.

Rui Li, Lawrence E Barker, Sundar Shrestha, Ping Zhang, O Kenrick Duru, Tony Pearson-Clarke, Edward W Gregg

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03793673 (CoYoT1 to California - Telemedicine to Engage Young Adults With Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03793673 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

CoYoT1 to California - Telemedicine to Engage Young Adults With Diabetes

TypeinterventionalSponsorChildren's Hospital Los AngelesRan2019 to 2022Enrolled82ConditionsType 1 Diabetes MellitusArmsCoYoT1 Care, Standard Care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Observational
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  11. Unmet Healthcare Needs and Healthcare Access Gaps Among Uninsured U.S. Adults Aged 50-64.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Rui LiDivision of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA eok8@cdc.gov.
Lawrence E BarkerDivision of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Sundar ShresthaDivision of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Ping ZhangDivision of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
O Kenrick DuruDavid Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
Tony Pearson-ClarkeDivision of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Edward W GreggDivision of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveHigh out-of-pocket (OOP) costs can be an obstacle to health care access and treatment compliance. This study investigated trends in high OOP health care burden in people with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsUsing Medical Expenditure Panel Survey 2001-2011 data, we examined trends in the proportion of people aged 18-64 years with diabetes facing a high OOP burden. We also examined whether the trend differed by insurance status (private insurance, public insurance, or no insurance) or by income level (poor and near poor, low income, middle income, or high income).

resultsIn 2011, 23% of people with diabetes faced high OOP burden. Between 2001-2002 and 2011, the proportion of people facing high OOP burden fell by 5 percentage points (P < 0.01). The proportion of those who were publicly insured decreased by 22 percentage points (P < 0.001) and of those who were uninsured by 12 percentage points (P = 0.01). Among people with diabetes who were poor and near poor and those with low income, the proportion facing high OOP burden decreased by 21 (P < 0.001) and 13 (P = 0.01) percentage points, respectively; no significant change occurred in the proportion with private insurance or middle and high incomes between 2001-2002 and 2011.

conclusionsThe past decade has seen a narrowing of insurance coverage and income-related disparities in high OOP burden in people with diabetes; yet, almost one-fourth of all people with diabetes still face a high OOP burden.

Indexed as

Cost of IllnessHealth ExpendituresAdolescentAdultDiabetes MellitusFemaleHealth Care CostsHealth Services AccessibilityHumansInsurance CoverageInsurance, HealthMaleMedically UninsuredMiddle AgedPovertySocial Class

Identifiers

PMID24667459
PMCPMC4914036

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.