ArticleDiabetes care2014
Interarm blood pressure difference in people with diabetes: measurement and vascular and mortality implications: a cohort study.
Article in Diabetes care, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of an inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A meta-analysis of cohort studies.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of systolic inter-arm differences in blood pressure for different primary care populations: systematic review and meta-analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2016Pooled it
- Significant interarm blood pressure difference predicts cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients: CoCoNet study.Medicine · 2016Trial
- Inter-arm blood pressure difference and mortality: a cohort study in an asymptomatic primary care population at elevated cardiovascular risk.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2016Trial
- Beyond hyperglycaemia: diabetic retinopathy is a multifactorial complication of diabetes mellitus.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Systolic inter-arm blood pressure difference and subclinical atherosclerosis: a population-based cohort study of 29 921 individuals.Journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- Higher systolic blood pressure difference in left not right upper limb is associated with all-cause mortality risk in a community-based population.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- Large inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross-sectional study in rural southwest China.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Association of Increased Inter-arm Blood Pressure Difference with Long-term Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with inter-arm systolic and diastolic blood pressure differences: results from the baseline Fasa Adult's Cohort Study (FACS).BMC public health · 2024Article
- Inter-Arm Blood Pressure Difference an Indicator of Coronary Artery Disease.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2023Article
- Inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference: non-persistence and association with incident cardiovascular disease in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Article
- Systolic inter-arm blood pressure difference and estimated glomerular filtration rate in type 2 diabetic patients in Palestine: a cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- [Interarm blood pressure difference: Concordance between two methods of automatic simultaneous measurement and between visits reproducibility].Atencion primaria · 2022Review
- Simultaneously measured inter-arm blood pressure difference is not associated with pulse wave velocity in a clinical dataset of at-risk hypertensive patients.Journal of human hypertension · 2022Article
- Inter-arm blood pressure difference and cardiovascular risk estimation in primary care: a pilot study.BJGP open · 2022Article
- Inter-arm difference in systolic blood pressure: Prevalence and associated factors in an African population.PloS one · 2022Article
- Associations Between Systolic Interarm Differences in Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes and Mortality: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis, Development and Validation of a Prognostic Algorithm: The INTERPRESS-IPD Collaboration.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2021Article
- Inter-Arm Blood Pressure Difference in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Preferential Association with Peripheral Artery Disease.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2020Article
- Usefulness of four-limb blood pressure measurement in prediction of overall and cardiovascular mortality in acute myocardial infarction.International journal of medical sciences · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDifferences in blood pressure between arms are associated with vascular disease and increased mortality; this has not been reported in diabetes. We explored these associations, and assessed reference standard and pragmatic measurement techniques, in people with diabetes and in nondiabetic controls. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsA prospective cohort study in Devon, England, recruited 727 people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and 285 nondiabetic controls. Simultaneous repeated measurements of bilateral blood pressure were made at recruitment. Data were used to inform a pragmatic measurement strategy. Interarm differences were examined for cross-sectional associations with target organ disease and prospective mortality associations (median follow-up 52 months).
resultsWe found 8.6% of participants with diabetes and 2.9% of controls had systolic interarm differences ≥10 mmHg. Single pairs of blood pressure measurements had high negative predictive values (97-99%) for excluding interarm differences. Systolic interarm differences ≥10 mmHg in diabetes were associated with peripheral arterial disease (odds ratio [OR] 3.4 [95% CI 1.2-9.3]). Differences ≥15 mmHg were associated with diabetic retinopathy (OR 5.7 [1.5-21.6]) and chronic kidney disease (OR 7.0 [1.7-29.8]). Systolic interarm differences were associated prospectively with increased cardiovascular mortality: hazard ratios 3.5 (1.0-13.0) for ≥10 mmHg and 9.0 (2.0-41.0) for ≥15 mmHg.
conclusionsBlood pressure should be measured in both arms during initial assessment in diabetes. Systolic interarm differences can be excluded with a single pair of measurements. In the population with diabetes, systolic differences may be associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.