ArticlePloS one2014
Heart rate and heart rate variability assessment identifies individual differences in fear response magnitudes to earthquake, free fall, and air puff in mice.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Wakefulness regulation of memory encoding and retrieval: structure and activity.National science review · 2026Review
- Stress-coping styles are associated with energy budgets and variability in energy management strategies in a capital breeder.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Identifying Cardiovascular Risk by Nonlinear Heart Rate Dynamics Analysis: Translational Biomarker from Mice to Humans.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- The distress context of social calls evokes a fear response in the bat Pipistrellus abramus.The Journal of experimental biology · 2023Article
- What to consider for ECG in mice-with special emphasis on telemetry.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2023Review
- Integrated cardio-behavioral responses to threat define defensive states.Nature neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- Representation of Fear of Heights by Basolateral Amygdala Neurons.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Mitragynine (Kratom)-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Mice Resemble Δ9-THC and Morphine Effects: Reversal by Cannabinoid CBFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Noninvasive assessment of autonomic modulation of heart rate variability in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome: A proof of principle study.Physiological reports · 2020Article
- Artificial neural networks-based classification of emotions using wristband heart rate monitor data.Medicine · 2019Observational
- Neural Coding of Cell Assemblies via Spike-Timing Self-Information.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2018Article
- Ameliorating Impact of Prophylactic Intranasal Oxytocin on Signs of Fear in a Rat Model of Traumatic Stress.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2018Article
- Dopamine Rebound-Excitation Theory: Putting Brakes on PTSD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2016Article
- Brain Computation Is Organized via Power-of-Two-Based Permutation Logic.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2016Article
- 512-Channel and 13-Region Simultaneous Recordings Coupled with Optogenetic Manipulation in Freely Behaving Mice.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2016Article
- The role of peri-traumatic stress and disruption distress in predicting post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following exposure to a natural disaster.BJPsych open · 2015Article
- Display of individuality in avoidance behavior and risk assessment of inbred mice.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Fear behaviors and fear memories in rodents have been traditionally assessed by the amount of freezing upon the presentation of conditioned cues or unconditioned stimuli. However, many experiences, such as encountering earthquakes or accidental fall from tree branches, may produce long-lasting fear memories but are behaviorally difficult to measure using freezing parameters. Here, we have examined changes in heartbeat interval dynamics as physiological readout for assessing fearful reactions as mice were subjected to sudden air puff, free-fall drop inside a small elevator, and a laboratory-version earthquake. We showed that these fearful events rapidly increased heart rate (HR) with simultaneous reduction of heart rate variability (HRV). Cardiac changes can be further analyzed in details by measuring three distinct phases: namely, the rapid rising phase in HR, the maximum plateau phase during which HRV is greatly decreased, and the recovery phase during which HR gradually recovers to baseline values. We showed that durations of the maximum plateau phase and HR recovery speed were quite sensitive to habituation over repeated trials. Moreover, we have developed the fear resistance index based on specific cardiac response features. We demonstrated that the fear resistance index remained largely consistent across distinct fearful events in a given animal, thereby enabling us to compare and rank individual mouse's fear responsiveness among the group. Therefore, the fear resistance index described here can represent a useful parameter for measuring personality traits or individual differences in stress-susceptibility in both wild-type mice and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) models.
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