ArticleLipids in health and disease2014
Effect of simvastatin on castration-resistant prostate cancer cells.
Article in Lipids in health and disease, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of statins in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with new antiandrogen therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2022Pooled it
- Phase II proof-of-concept study of atorvastatin in castration-resistant prostate cancer.BJU international · 2023Trial
- Article
- WGCNA Analysis Identifies Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Associated Circular RNAs That Interact with RNA-Binding Proteins and Sponge miRNAs.International journal of general medicine · 2021Article
- Atorvastatin and Caffeine in Combination Regulates Apoptosis, Migration, Invasion and Tumorspheres of Prostate Cancer Cells.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2020Article
- Upregulation of Scavenger Receptor B1 Is Required for Steroidogenic and Nonsteroidogenic Cholesterol Metabolism in Prostate Cancer.Cancer research · 2019Article
- Statin-dependent modulation of mitochondrial metabolism in cancer cells is independent of cholesterol content.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- The impact of statins in combination with androgen deprivation therapyin patients with advanced prostate cancer: A large observational study.Urologic oncology · 2019Observational
- Sprouty2 loss-induced IL6 drives castration-resistant prostate cancer through scavenger receptor B1.EMBO molecular medicine · 2018Article
- Low-dose statin treatment increases prostate cancer aggressiveness.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- Stromal regulation of prostate cancer cell growth by mevalonate pathway enzymes HMGCS1 and HMGCR.Oncology letters · 2017Article
- Anti-Androgen Abiraterone Acetate Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy of Statins on Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells.Journal of oncology research and therapy · 2017Article
- Article
- Repositioning "old" drugs for new causes: identifying new inhibitors of prostate cancer cell migration and invasion.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2016Article
- Oral simvastatin administration delays castration-resistant progression and reduces intratumoral steroidogenesis of LNCaP prostate cancer xenografts.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2016Article
- Raman and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy studies of changes in lipid content and composition in hormone-treated breast and prostate cancer cells.Journal of biomedical optics · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), recent evidence has demonstrated the persistence of the intratumoral androgens. The multi-step androgen synthesis pathway originates from cholesterol, which can be obtained by cells from several major sources including intracellular synthesis through an enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). The inhibition of this enzyme by the use of statins has been investigated in prostate cancer as a possible therapeutic target for blocking the de novo androgen synthesis resulting in decreased tumor growth. However, the effectiveness of statins in CRPC has not been investigated.
methodsCastration-resistant C4-2 and androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells were treated with Simvastatin for 48 hours. Dose-dependent responses to Simvastatin were analyzed using cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Cellular growth curve was generated using haemocytometer. HMGCR activity was assessed using 14C-acetic acid detected by thin layer chromatography, and the protein expression was quantified using western blot analysis. Intracellular cholesterol and prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
resultsSignificant decrease in cell viability and growth curve observed at 75 μM of Simvastatin compared to no treatment group in the castration-resistant C4-2 cells. HMGCR activity was significantly decreased up to 50% and 70% at 50 μM and 75 μM of Simvastatin respectively compared to the vehicle control in C4-2 cells. Simvastatin did not affect the protein expression. 80% decrease in the amount of total intracellular cholesterol levels was observed in 75 μM Simvastatin treatment group compared to vehicle control. PSA secretion levels were significantly reduced in the C4-2 cell line at 50 μM and 75 μM of Simvastatin compared to vehicle control.
conclusionThe inhibition of HMGCR via Simvastatin lowered the viability of castration-resistant C4-2 cells. Simvastatin's ability to limit the endogenous supply of cholesterol contributes to the effects seen in cell viability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.