Trial reportClinical oral investigations2015
Effects of short-term xylitol gum chewing on the oral microbiome.
Trial report in Clinical oral investigations, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Impact of Children's Dietary Habits on the Oral Microbiome: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Specific effects of xylitol chewing gum on mutans streptococci levels, plaque accumulation and caries occurrence: a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Effects of Sugar Substitutes on Cariogenic Bacteria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International dental journal · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of sugar-free polyol chewing gums on gingival inflammation: a systematic review.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Pooled it
- Phosphorylated lantibiotics-producing commensals integrate into the human oral microbiome to suppress pathogens and promote microbiome homeostasis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Antibacterial Effectiveness and Periodontal Actions of Sugar-Free Chewing Gums Derived From Alcohol or Vegetables in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2025Review
- Streptococcus salivarius inhibits immune activation by periodontal disease pathogens.BMC oral health · 2021Article
- The Current Strategies in Controlling Oral Diseases by Herbal and Chemical Materials.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Review
- Impact of polyols on Oral microbiome of Estonian schoolchildren.BMC oral health · 2019Article
- Xylitol and sorbitol effects on the microbiome of saliva and plaque.Journal of oral microbiology · 2019Article
- [The Microbiome - The Unscheduled Parameter for Future Therapies].Laryngo- rhino- otologie · 2018Review
- Article
- Effect of maltitol-containing chewing gum use on the composition of dental plaque microbiota in subjects with active dental caries.Journal of oral microbiology · 2017Article
- Members of the Oral Microbiota Are Associated with IL-8 Release by Gingival Epithelial Cells in Healthy Individuals.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Antifungal Activity of Lactobacillus sp. Bacteria in the Presence of Xylitol and Galactosyl-Xylitol.BioMed research international · 2016Article
- The oral mucosal and salivary microbial community of Behçet's syndrome and recurrent aphthous stomatitis.Journal of oral microbiology · 2015Article
- Biofilm community diversity after exposure to 0·4% stannous fluoride gels.Journal of applied microbiology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of short-term xylitol gum chewing on the salivary microbiota of children. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe study was a randomised, controlled, double-blind trial. Healthy children used xylitol chewing gum (xylitol group, n = 35) or sorbitol chewing gum (control group, n = 38) for 5 weeks. The daily dose of xylitol/sorbitol was approximately 6 g/day. At baseline and at the end of the test period, unstimulated and paraffin-stimulated saliva were collected. The microbial composition of the saliva was assessed using human oral microbe identification microarray (HOMIM). Mutans streptococci (MS) were plate cultured.
resultsAs judged by HOMIM results, no xylitol-induced changes in the salivary microbiota took place in the xylitol group. In the control group, Veillonella atypica showed a significant decrease (p = 0.0001). The xylitol gum chewing decreased viable counts of MS in both stimulated (p = 0.006) and unstimulated (p = 0.002) saliva, but similar effects were also seen in the control group.
conclusionsThe use of xylitol gum decreased MS, in general, but did not change the salivary microbial composition. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Short-term consumption of xylitol had no impact on the composition of the salivary microbiota, but resulted in a decrease in the levels of MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.