ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2014
Artichoke, cynarin and cyanidin downregulate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in human coronary smooth muscle cells.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medicinal Plants for a Healthy Gut Microbiome: Scientific Insights into Modern Herbal Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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- Green Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Artichoke By-Products: Pilot-Scale Comparison of Ultrasound, Microwave, and Combined Methods with Pectinase Pre-Treatment.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Phytobiotics in poultry: revolutionizing broiler chicken nutrition with plant-derived gut health enhancers.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Comparison of Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Properties of Caffeic Acid Conjugates.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bioprospecting of Artemisia genus: from artemisinin to other potentially bioactive compounds.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Pharmacological profile of dicaffeoylquinic acids and their role in the treatment of respiratory diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Bioactive Compounds from Artichoke and Application Potential.Food technology and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Review
- Metabolite Profiling of "Green" Extracts ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Antidepressant-like effects of a chlorogenic acid- and cynarine-enriched fraction from Dittrichia viscosa root extract.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Cynarin attenuates LPS-induced endothelial inflammation via upregulation of the negative regulator MKP-3.Animal cells and systems · 2022Article
- Production of Vegetables and Artichokes Is Associated with Lower Cardiovascular Mortality: An Ecological Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Grown to be Blue-Antioxidant Properties and Health Effects of Colored Vegetables. Part II: Leafy, Fruit, and Other Vegetables.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Phytoestrogenic Effects of Blackcurrant Anthocyanins Increased Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Expression in Human Endothelial Cells and Ovariectomized Rats.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Discovery of Potential Inhibitors of Squalene Synthase from Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Virtual Screening and In Vitro Evaluation of Lipid-Lowering Effect.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism ofEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2018Article
- Recent Pathophysiological Aspects of Peyronie's Disease: Role of Free Radicals, Rationale, and Therapeutic Implications for Antioxidant Treatment-Literature Review.Advances in urology · 2017Review
- Natural Products to Counteract the Epidemic of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is one of the world's oldest medicinal plants with multiple health benefits. We have previously shown that artichoke leaf extracts and artichoke flavonoids upregulate the gene expression of endothelial-type nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human endothelial cells. Whereas NO produced by the eNOS is a vasoprotective molecule, NO derived from the inducible iNOS plays a pro-inflammatory role in the vasculature. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of artichoke on iNOS expression in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC). Incubation of HCASMC with a cytokine mixture led to an induction of iNOS mRNA expression. This iNOS induction was concentration- and time-dependently inhibited by an artichoke leaf extract (1-100 µg/mL, 6 h or 24 h). Consistently, the artichoke leaf extract also reduced cytokine-induced iNOS promoter activation and iNOS protein expression. In addition, treatment of HCASMC with four well-known artichoke compounds (cynarin > cyanidin > luteolin ≈ cynaroside) led to a downregulation iNOS mRNA and protein expression, with cynarin being the most potent one. In conclusion, artichoke contains both eNOS-upregulating and iNOS-downregulating compounds. Such compounds may contribute to the beneficial effects of artichoke and may per se have therapeutic potentials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.