Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24661442›Full record

ArticleBiological psychiatry2015

Lower methylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter 1F in peripheral blood of veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Rachel Yehuda, Janine D Flory, Linda M Bierer, Clare Henn-Haase, Amy Lehrner, Frank Desarnaud, Iouri Makotkine, Nikolaos P Daskalakis, Charles R Marmar, Michael J Meaney

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Biological psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
150citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
12.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

150 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 294 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Practitioner Review: Infant mental health meets cell and molecular biology - a look to the future.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026
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90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Rachel YehudaMental Health Care Center (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Traumatic Stress Studies Division (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NewYork. Electronic address: rachel.yehuda@va.gov.
Janine D FloryMental Health Care Center (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Traumatic Stress Studies Division (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
Linda M BiererMental Health Care Center (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Traumatic Stress Studies Division (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
Clare Henn-HaaseDepartment of Neuroscience (RY), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NewYork; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury (CH-H, CRM), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
Amy LehrnerMental Health Care Center (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Traumatic Stress Studies Division (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
Frank DesarnaudMental Health Care Center (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Traumatic Stress Studies Division (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
Iouri MakotkineMental Health Care Center (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Traumatic Stress Studies Division (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
Nikolaos P DaskalakisMental Health Care Center (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York; Traumatic Stress Studies Division (RY, JDF, LMB, AL, FD, IM, NPD), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
Charles R MarmarDepartment of Neuroscience (RY), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NewYork, NewYork; Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury (CH-H, CRM), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
Michael J MeaneyDepartment of Psychiatry (CH-H, CRM), New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Sackler Program for Epigenetics Psychobiology (MJM), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology &Neurosurgery (MJM), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; and Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (MJM), Singapore, Singapore.
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USJames J. Peters VA Medical Center · USMcGill University · CANew York University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEnhanced glucocorticoid receptor (GR) sensitivity is present in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the molecular mechanisms of GR sensitivity are not understood. Epigenetic factors have emerged as one potential mechanism that account for how trauma exposure leads to sustained PTSD symptoms given that PTSD develops in only a subset of trauma survivors.

methodsCytosine methylation of a relevant promoter of the GR gene (NR3C1-1F promoter) and three functional neuroendocrine markers of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function were examined in a sample of 122 combat veterans.

resultsLower NR3C1-1F promoter methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was observed in combat veterans with PTSD compared with combat-exposed veterans who did not develop PTSD. NR3C1-1F promoter methylation was also associated with three functional measures of glucocorticoid activity that have been associated with PTSD in combat veterans: PBMCs' lysozyme inhibition on the lysozyme suppression test, plasma cortisol decline on the low-dose (.50 mg) dexamethasone suppression test, and 24-hour urinary cortisol excretion. Finally, NR3C1-1F promoter methylation was inversely correlated with clinical markers and symptoms associated with PTSD.

conclusionsAlterations in NR3C1-1F promoter methylation may reflect enduring changes resulting from combat exposure that lead to functional neuroendocrine alterations. Because epigenetic measures are thought to reflect enduring effects of environmental exposures, they may be useful in distinguishing combat-exposed veterans who do or do not develop PTSD.

Indexed as

AdultBiomarkersCytosineDexamethasoneDNA MethylationEpigenesis, GeneticHumansHydrocortisoneHypothalamusMajor Depressive DisorderMaleMonocytesMuramidasePituitary-Adrenal SystemPromoter Regions, GeneticReceptors, GlucocorticoidBiomarkersCytosineDexamethasoneHydrocortisoneMuramidaseNR3C1 protein, humanReceptors, GlucocorticoidBiomarkersCombatCortisolGlucocorticoid receptorHPA axisMethylationNR3C1-1(F) promoterNR3C1 genePTSD

Identifiers

PMID24661442
OpenAlexW2092916960

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.