ArticleJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2014
Changes in foot volume, body composition, and hydration status in male and female 24-hour ultra-mountain bikers.
Article in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of the Impact of a Multi-Strain Probiotic on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Long-Distance Runners.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- 24-Hour Ultra-Marathon Running: A Narrative Review of Performance Factors and Physiological Impacts.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Energy balance in cyclists on plant-based diets during a 30-day, 4300-km ride across Canada: Two case studies.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Ultra-Cycling- Past, Present, Future: A Narrative Review.Sports medicine - open · 2024Review
- Ultra-Endurance Participation and Acute Kidney Injury: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Tolvaptan Reduces Extracellular Fluid per Amount of Body Fluid Reduction Less Markedly than Conventional Diuretics.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Observational
- Tolvaptan Efficiently Reduces Intracellular Fluid: Working Toward a Potential Treatment Option for Cellular Edema.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2019Observational
- Pacing and Changes in Body Composition in 48 h Ultra-Endurance Running-A Case Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Reported Hydration Beliefs and Behaviors without Effect on Plasma Sodium in Endurance Athletes.Frontiers in physiology · 2017Article
- Fluid retention, muscle damage, and altered body composition at the Ultraman triathlon.European journal of applied physiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe effects of running and cycling on changes in hydration status and body composition during a 24-hour race have been described previously, but data for 24-hour ultra-mountain bikers are missing. The present study investigated changes in foot volume, body composition, and hydration status in male and female 24-hour ultra-mountain bikers.
methodsWe compared in 49 (37 men and 12 women) 24-hour ultra-mountain bikers (ultra-MTBers) changes (Δ) in body mass (BM). Fat mass (FM), percent body fat (%BF) and skeletal muscle mass (SM) were estimated using anthropometric methods. Changes in total body water (TBW), extracellular fluid (ECF) and intracellular fluid (ICF) were determined using bioelectrical impedance and changes in foot volume using plethysmography. Haematocrit, plasma [Na+], plasma urea, plasma osmolality, urine urea, urine specific gravity and urine osmolality were measured in a subgroup of 25 ultra-MTBers (16 men and 9 women).
resultsIn male 24-hour ultra-MTBers, BM (P < 0.001), FM (P < 0.001), %BF (P < 0.001) and ECF (P < 0.05) decreased whereas SM and TBW did not change (P > 0.05). A significant correlation was found between post-race BM and post-race FM (r = 0.63, P < 0.001). In female ultra-MTBers, BM (P < 0.05), %BF (P < 0.05) and FM (P < 0.001) decreased, whereas SM, ECF and TBW remained stable (P > 0.05). Absolute ranking in the race was related to Δ%BM (P < 0.001) and Δ%FM in men (P < 0.001) and to Δ%BM (P < 0.05) in women. In male ultra-MTBers, increased post-race plasma urea (P < 0.001) was negatively related to absolute ranking in the race, Δ%BM, post-race FM and Δ%ECF (P < 0.05). Foot volume remained stable in both sexes (P > 0.05).
conclusionsMale and female 24-hour ultra-MTBers experienced a significant loss in BM and FM, whereas SM remained stable. Body weight changes and increases in plasma urea do not reflect a change in body hydration status. No oedema of the lower limbs occurred.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.