ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2014
Characteristics of people who initiate injection drug use later in life.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prevalence and Correlates of Providing and Receiving Assistance With the Transition to Injection Drug Use.Epidemiologic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- A community-based systematic review of economic evaluations of overdose prevention sites for people who use drugs: a study protocol.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Correlates of duration between initial drug use and first drug injection among people who inject drugs in Iran, 2020.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Difficult intravenous access as an independent predictor of delayed care and prolonged length of stay in the emergency department.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2020Article
- A Comparison of Substance Use Patterns Among Lifetime Heroin-Injecting Individuals By Racial Groups.Addiction research & theory · 2020Article
- When and how do individuals transition from regular drug use to injection drug use in Uganda? Findings from a rapid assessment.Harm reduction journal · 2019Article
- Responding to global stimulant use: challenges and opportunities.Lancet (London, England) · 2019Review
- Opioid use and misuse: health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions.Psychology & health · 2019Review
- Hepatitis C transmission in young people who inject drugs: Insights using a dynamic model informed by state public health surveillance.Epidemics · 2019Article
- Sexual Positioning Practices and Sexual Risk Among Black Gay and Bisexual Men: A Life Course Perspective.AIDS and behavior · 2018Article
- Differences in time to injection onset by drug in California: Implications for the emerging heroin epidemic.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Article
- Trends in epidemiology of Hepatitis B and C Infections in Ilam Province: National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2018Article
- Transition from First Drug Use to Regular Injection among People Who Inject Drugs in Iran.Addiction & health · 2018Article
- Heroin and Methamphetamine Injection: An Emerging Drug Use Pattern.Substance use & misuse · 2017Article
- Drug use generations and patterns of injection drug use: Birth cohort differences among people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Article
- Impact of HIV Status Notification on Risk Behaviors among Men Who Inject Drugs in Kermanshah, West of Iran.Journal of research in health sciences · 2016Article
- Factors associated with being asked to initiate someone into injection drug use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Article
- Consistency of self-reported drug use events in a mixed methods study of people who inject drugs.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2015Article
- Factors associated with initiating someone into illicit drug injection.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2014Article
- A Review of Factors Associated with Age of First Injection.Journal of psychoactive drugsReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStudies report that among people who inject drugs (PWID), approximately 1 in 7 initiated injection during their thirties or later (referred to hereafter as "late initiates"). However, little is known about individuals who are late initiates. This study aims to describe characteristics of late initiates to drug injection and to examine how they differ from people who initiated drug injection prior to the age of 30 ("typical initiates").
methodsWe recruited 696 active PWID in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California between 2011 and 2013, using targeted sampling and street outreach methods. Participants completed personal interviews that covered items on demographics, drug use history and practices, injection initiation episode, HIV injection- and sex-related risk, health care utilization among others. We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine factors associated being a late initiate.
resultsIn our sample, 19% of participants who were 30 years or older were classified as late initiates. In multivariate analysis controlling for city, late initiates had higher odds of being female and African American, having been in treatment prior to initiation, initiating illicit drug use at an older age, and being assisted into injection by someone of the same age or younger. Late initiates had lower odds of frequent recent injection, and having a bipolar disorder diagnosis.
conclusionLate initiates comprise a significant proportion of active PWIDs. More study on the health consequences of late initiation are needed as are interventions to prevent transition to drug injection among at-risk populations.
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