ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2014
Axl receptor blockade ameliorates pulmonary pathology resulting from primary viral infection and viral exacerbation of asthma.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Multifaceted Roles of TAM Receptors during Viral Infection.Virologica Sinica · 2021Pooled it
- The Efferocytosis-Driven Macrophage Polarization: A Concerto in the Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment.MedComm · 2026Review
- Gas6/Axl-mediated macrophage hyporesponsiveness drives severe pulmonary mucormycosis in diabetic mice.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- PROS1/AXL signaling protects mice from lethal influenza infection by inducing M2 macrophage polarization.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity of Lung Phagocytes and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells in Lung Injury and Repair.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- Inhibition of Axl attenuates acute kidney injury by alleviating inflammation via SOCS3 downregulation in tubular epithelial cells.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- AXL: shapers of tumor progression and immunosuppressive microenvironments.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- AXL Inhibition Improves the Antitumor Activity of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells.Cancer immunology research · 2023Article
- Repurposing Axl Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Gas6/TAM Axis Involvement in Modulating Inflammation and Fibrosis in COVID-19 Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The role of phosphatidylserine on the membrane in immunity and blood coagulation.Biomarker research · 2022Review
- Resident macrophages of the lung and liver: The guardians of our tissues.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- What's the deal with efferocytosis and asthma?Trends in immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- Macrophage AXL receptor tyrosine kinase inflames the heart after reperfused myocardial infarction.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- Mumps Orchitis: Clinical Aspects and Mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- Review
- Respiratory syncytial virus infection exacerbates pneumococcal pneumonia via Gas6/Axl-mediated macrophage polarization.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Role of Gas6 and TAM Receptors in the Identification of Cardiopulmonary Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis and Scleroderma Spectrum Disorders.Disease markers · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Viruses use Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinases to infect and modulate the immune properties of various cell types, which led us to investigate whether TAM receptor activation affected primary viral infection and viral exacerbation of asthma in experimental models. In these lung-specific models, we observed that Axl was the most abundantly induced TAM receptor protein. During primary respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, anti-Axl mAb treatment significantly increased the number of IFN-γ-producing T cells and NK cells and significantly suppressed RSV replication and whole lung levels of IL-4 and IL-13. Intrapulmonary H1N1 infection induced lethal pulmonary inflammation, but anti-Axl mAb treatment of infected mice significantly increased the number of IFN-β-producing macrophages and dendritic cells and significantly suppressed neutrophil infiltration. Consequently, the lethal effect of H1N1 infection in this model was significantly reduced in the mAb-treated group compared with the IgG control-treated group. Targeting Axl also inhibited airway hyperresponsiveness, IL-4 and IL-13 production, and goblet cell metaplasia in an Aspergillus fumigatus-induced asthma model. Finally, infection of mice with RSV during fungal asthma significantly exacerbated airway inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, and airway remodeling, but all of these features in this viral exacerbation model were ameliorated by anti-Axl mAb treatment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Axl modulates the pulmonary immune response during viral and/or allergic pathology, and they also suggest that targeting this TAM receptor might provide a novel therapeutic approach in these infectious diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.