SynthesisEnvironmental health perspectives2014
Tetrachloroethylene exposure and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis of dry-cleaning-worker studies.
Synthesis in Environmental health perspectives, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bladder cancer risk factors: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Bladder Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Modifiable risk factors for the prevention of bladder cancer: a systematic review of meta-analyses.European journal of epidemiology · 2016Pooled it
- Environmental hazards and the risk of development of idiopathic urethral strictures.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- Article
- Carcinogen metabolism and bladder cancer: role of gut microbiota in disease and prevention.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Occupational hazards and bladder cancer-An umbrella review of the risk in workers exposed over the past 30 years.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Cancer Incidence among Marines and Navy Personnel and Civilian Workers Exposed to Industrial Solvents in Drinking Water at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune: A Cohort Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Occupational exposures and cancer risk in commercial laundry and dry cleaning industries: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Perchloroethylene and Dry Cleaning: It's Time to Move the Industry to Safer Alternatives.Frontiers in public health · 2021Review
- Extended Mortality Follow-up of a Cohort of Dry Cleaners.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2019Article
- Selective Polymer Distributed Bragg Reflector Vapor Sensors.Polymers · 2018Article
- Article
- Target Organ Metabolism, Toxicity, and Mechanisms of Trichloroethylene and Perchloroethylene: Key Similarities, Differences, and Data Gaps.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2016Review
- Human health effects of tetrachloroethylene: key findings and scientific issues.Environmental health perspectives · 2014Article
- Gene-specific promoter methylation is associated with micronuclei frequency in urothelial cells from individuals exposed to organic solvents and paints.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn 2012, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified tetrachloroethylene, used in the production of chemicals and the primary solvent used in dry cleaning, as "probably carcinogenic to humans" based on limited evidence of an increased risk of bladder cancer in dry cleaners.
objectivesWe assessed the epidemiological evidence for the association between tetrachloroethylene exposure and bladder cancer from published studies estimating occupational exposure to tetrachloroethylene or in workers in the dry-cleaning industry.
methodsRandom-effects meta-analyses were carried out separately for occupational exposure to tetrachloroethylene and employment as a dry cleaner. We qualitatively summarized exposure-response data because of the limited number of studies available.
resultsThe meta-relative risk (mRR) among tetrachloroethylene-exposed workers was 1.08 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.42; three studies; 463 exposed cases). For employment as a dry cleaner, the overall mRR was 1.47 (95% CI: 1.16, 1.85; seven studies; 139 exposed cases), and for smoking-adjusted studies, the mRR was 1.50 (95% CI: 0.80, 2.84; 4 case-control studies).
conclusionsOur meta-analysis demonstrates an increased risk of bladder cancer in dry cleaners, reported in both cohort and case-control studies, and some evidence for an exposure-response relationship. Although dry cleaners incur mixed exposures, tetrachloroethylene could be responsible for the excess risk of bladder cancer because it is the primary solvent used and it is the only chemical commonly used by dry cleaners that is currently identified as a potential bladder carcinogen. Relatively crude approaches in exposure assessment in the studies of "tetrachloroethylene-exposed workers" may have attenuated the relative risks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.