ArticleGlia2014
LPS and IL-1 differentially activate mouse and human astrocytes: role of CD14.
Article in Glia, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond neurons: Impact of cannabidiol on glial cells in ischemic stroke.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- APOE3 and APOE4 human astrocytes differentially modulate Alzheimer's disease pathology and microglial responses in chimeric mice.Cell reports · 2026Article
- LPS-induced inflammation differentially affects endogenous CaMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Wogonin Mitigates Depression by Inhibiting TNF-α/TNFR1/CXCL1 Signalling-Mediated Astrocyte Activation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Tri-Culture System Reveals an Activation Cascade From Microglia Through Astrocytes to Neurons During Neuroinflammation.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Modulation of the immune response by focused ultrasound suppressed brain abscess formation.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Baicalin as a Regulator of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma: Alleviating Sepsis-Induced Liver Injury by Inhibiting the Cluster of Differentiation 14/Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling Pathway.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Cocaine affects astrocyte iNOS expression.Brain research · 2026Article
- Y-shaped trivalent aptamer for targeted visualization and tracking of reprogrammed astrocytes.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Astrocytes as Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Adaptive Gene Expression Induced by a Combination of IL-1β and LPS in Primary Cultures of Mouse Astrocytes.Cells · 2025Article
- Differential Responses of Human iPSC-Derived Microglia to Stimulation with Diverse Inflammogens.Cells · 2025Article
- Cryogel scaffolds for localised delivery of lipopolysaccharide in organotypic spinal cord slice cultures: A novelMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Article
- Modeling neuroinflammatory interactions between microglia and astrocytes in a human iPSC-based coculture platform.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Novel Perspectives Focused on the Relationship Between Herpesvirus Encephalitis and Anti-GFAP-Antibody-Positive Astrocytopathy.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Astrocytes Respond to Environment-Relevant Doses TCDD in a Specific Manner Which Is Different from the Endogenous AhR Ligand (FICZ).Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Peripartum buprenorphine and oxycodone exposure impair maternal behavior and increase neuroinflammation in new mother rats.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Astrocytic Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a Contributes to the Development of Epileptic Cognitive Impairment.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- DAMPs Drive Fibroinflammatory Changes in the Glaucomatous ONH.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Treatment of cultures with toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands or cytokines has become a popular approach to investigate astrocyte neuroinflammatory responses and to simulate the neural environment in various CNS disorders. However, despite much effort, the mechanism of astrocyte activation such as their responses to the TLR ligands and IL-1 remain highly debated. We compared highly pure primary mouse and human astrocyte cultures in their ability to produce proinflammatory mediators (termed "A1") and immunoregulatory mediators (termed "A2") in response to LPS, poly IC, and IL-1 stimulation. In human astrocytes, IL-1 induced both A1 and A2 responses, poly IC induced mostly A2, and LPS induced neither. In mouse astrocytes, LPS induced mostly an A1-predominant response, poly IC induced both A1 and A2, and IL-1 neither. In addition, mouse astrocytes produce abundant IL-1 protein, whereas human astrocytes did not, despite robust IL-1 mRNA expression. Of the TLR4 receptor complex proteins, human astrocytes expressed TLR4 and MD2 but not CD14, whereas mouse astrocytes expressed all three. Mouse astrocyte CD14 (cell-associated and soluble) was potently upregulated by LPS. Silencing TLR4 or CD14 by siRNA suppressed LPS responses in mouse astrocytes. In vivo, astrocytes in LPS-injected mouse brains also expressed CD14. Our results show striking differences between human and mouse astrocytes in the use of TLR/IL-1R and subsequent downstream signaling and immune activation. IL-1 translational block in human astrocytes may be a built-in mechanism to prevent autocrine and paracrine cell activation and neuroinflammation. These results have important implications for translational research of human CNS diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.