Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2014
Effects of nicotine deprivation and replacement on BOLD-fMRI response to smoking cues as a function of DRD4 VNTR genotype.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dopaminergic genetic variation moderates the effect of nicotine on cigarette reward.Psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- The Role of Social Reward and Corticostriatal Connectivity in Substance Use.Journal of psychiatry and brain science · 2020Article
- Effects of DRD2 splicing-regulatory polymorphism and DRD4 48 bp VNTR on crack cocaine addiction.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2019Article
- Converging findings from linkage and association analyses on susceptibility genes for smoking and other addictions.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Review
- Cue-reactivity in experienced electronic cigarette users: Novel stimulus videos and a pilot fMRI study.Brain research bulletin · 2016Article
- Neural substrates of cue reactivity: association with treatment outcomes and relapse.Addiction biology · 2016Review
- Withdrawal: Expanding a Key Addiction Construct.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Review
- Temporal Dynamics of Neural Response to Drug Cues in abstinent Methamphetamine Users.Basic and clinical neuroscienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionReactivity to smoking cues is an important factor in the motivation to smoke and has been associated with the dopamine receptor 4 variable number tandem repeat (DRD4 exon III VNTR) polymorphism. However, little is known about the associated neural mechanisms.
methodsNon-treatment-seeking Caucasian smokers completed overnight abstinence and viewed smoking and neutral cues during 2 separate functional magnetic resonance imaging scans while wearing either a nicotine or placebo patch (order randomized) and were genotyped for the DRD4 VNTR. We conducted mixed-effects repeated-measures analyses of variance (within-subject factor: nicotine or placebo patch; between-subject factor: DRD4 long [L: ≥ 1 copy of ≥ 7 repeats] or short [S: 2 copies ≤ 6 repeats] genotype) of 6 a priori regions of interest.
resultsRelative to neutral cues, smoking cues elicited greater activity in bilateral ventral striatum and left amygdala during nicotine replacement and deactivation in these regions during nicotine deprivation. A patch × DRD4 interaction was observed in the left amygdala, an area associated with appetitive reinforcement and relapse risk, such that S allele carriers demonstrated greater activation on active patch than on placebo patch.
conclusionsBrain systems associated with reward salience may become primed and overreactive at nicotine replacement doses intended for the first step of smoking cessation and may become inhibited during nicotine withdrawal in DRD4 S but not in DRD4 L carriers. These findings are consistent with the role of these regions in drug reinforcement and suggest a differential influence of nicotine replacement on amygdala activation in the association of incentive salience with smoking stimuli across DRD4 genotypes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.