Evidence map›Paper›PMID 24658410›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2014

Heat-related deaths in hot cities: estimates of human tolerance to high temperature thresholds.

Sharon L Harlan, Gerardo Chowell, Shuo Yang, Diana B Petitti, Emmanuel J Morales Butler, Benjamin L Ruddell, Darren M Ruddell

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The impact of heat and cold events on direct, indirect, and intangible healthcare costs: a systematic review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
    Article
  3. Amplified warming in tropical and subtropical cities under 2 °C climate change.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Factors That Influence Climate Change-Related Mortality in the United States: An Integrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Review
  9. Spatial Modeling and Analysis of Heat-Related Morbidity in Maricopa County, Arizona.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2021
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Association between Exposure to Extreme Temperature and Injury at the Workplace.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sharon L HarlanSchool of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. sharon.harlan@asu.edu.
Gerardo ChowellSchool of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. gchowell@asu.edu.
Shuo YangSchool of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. syang65@asu.edu.
Diana B PetittiDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, 13212 East Shea Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA. Diana.Petitti@asu.edu.
Emmanuel J Morales ButlerSchool of Human Evolution & Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. Emmanuel.J.Morales@asu.edu.
Benjamin L RuddellDepartment of Engineering and Computing Systems, Polytechnic School, Arizona State University, 330M Peralta Hall, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA. bruddell@asu.edu.
Darren M RuddellSpatial Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF B55, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. druddell@usc.edu.
Arizona State University · USUniversity of Southern California · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this study we characterized the relationship between temperature and mortality in central Arizona desert cities that have an extremely hot climate. Relationships between daily maximum apparent temperature (ATmax) and mortality for eight condition-specific causes and all-cause deaths were modeled for all residents and separately for males and females ages <65 and ≥ 65 during the months May-October for years 2000-2008. The most robust relationship was between ATmax on day of death and mortality from direct exposure to high environmental heat. For this condition-specific cause of death, the heat thresholds in all gender and age groups (ATmax = 90-97 °F; 32.2-36.1 °C) were below local median seasonal temperatures in the study period (ATmax = 99.5 °F; 37.5 °C). Heat threshold was defined as ATmax at which the mortality ratio begins an exponential upward trend. Thresholds were identified in younger and older females for cardiac disease/stroke mortality (ATmax = 106 and 108 °F; 41.1 and 42.2 °C) with a one-day lag. Thresholds were also identified for mortality from respiratory diseases in older people (ATmax = 109 °F; 42.8 °C) and for all-cause mortality in females (ATmax = 107 °F; 41.7 °C) and males <65 years (ATmax = 102 °F; 38.9 °C). Heat-related mortality in a region that has already made some adaptations to predictable periods of extremely high temperatures suggests that more extensive and targeted heat-adaptation plans for climate change are needed in cities worldwide.

Indexed as

MortalityAgedArizonaCause of DeathCitiesFemaleHeat Stress DisordersHot TemperatureHumansMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID24658410
PMCPMC3987036
OpenAlexW1993538439

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.